Psychotherapy Practices
SAMBA GROUP THERAPIES
The Cigarette, Alcohol, and Substance Addiction Treatment Program (SAMBA) is a group therapy program consisting of 20 sessions prepared for the treatment of smoking, alcohol, and substance addiction.
SAMBA; aims to inform the person about alcohol or substance use, to create motivation for change, to gain skills that will prevent re-use. to teach the ability to cope with anger and stress, and effective communication methods, to make the person aware of thought mistakes about alcohol/substance use.
SAMBA FAMILY TRAINING
SAMBA Family Education is a 6-session training program designed for spouses, parents, and adult children of alcohol or substance users.
Our Samba Family Trainings are held free of charge every Wednesday, between 17.00 and 18.00 at the NP ISTANBUL Brain Hospital. In Family Education, the concept of addiction, addictive substances, and their effects, the effect of addiction on the family, what families should do, ways of effective communication, frequently asked questions, and answers are discussed. Families can participate in education from any session they want.
TRAUMA AND MOURNING THERAPY
Traumatic events can be natural disasters, accidents, as well as war, torture, assault, rape, and human-induced violence. Death, the threat of death, serious injury, or any threat to the integrity of the body, and events experienced or witnessed by the person are also referred to as traumatic experiences. Physical injury and psychological injuries caused by exposure to traumatic events can create problems that are difficult to solve in the long term. It is very valuable for the person to determine the methods of coping with traumatic life events and to be able to evaluate them with a flexible perspective. The mourning process is not only the process after the loss of a loved one, but may are related to the loss of any valued object. Although mourning is a healthy process that should be, prolonged mourning must be addressed with therapeutic intervention. The excessive guilt, the feeling of worthlessness, the inability to maintain the flow in routine life, and the occurrence of suicidal thoughts show us that grief has become pathological.
Mourning and Trauma therapy; provides the person to gain individual control over the process of remembering the event, to regulate the relevant emotions about this event, to control negative factors, to increase self-esteem, to gain internal harmony as the integrity of thought, feeling, and behavior. to establish reliable connections and to understand the effect of the event. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, EMDR therapy, group, and play therapies are other therapy techniques that have a positive effect on mourning and trauma.
CONSCIOUS AWARENESS BASED THERAPY AND GROUP THERAPY (Mindfulness Group Therapy)
Mindfulness is a way of directing attention that is rooted in the Eastern meditation tradition. Recently, it has been used frequently in the Western world, especially in the field of psychology. Conscious awareness can be defined as focusing one's attention on events or stimuli that are currently happening, without judgment and acceptance. Conscious awareness allows us to be fully alive and awake in life. Conscious awareness allows our thoughts and emotions to arise without judging and reacting to them. It helps us alleviate our emotional and physical difficulties by removing the thoughts that have come to the center of our lives. Conscious awareness, among many different therapeutic methods in the world of psychology, is currently the most frequently used therapy method in the world and the most emphasized in terms of research. It can be applied in individual sessions or as group therapies. Among these group therapies, the most widely used is "Conscious Awareness-Based Stress Reduction Group Therapy". It is an 8-week program and is basically a group therapy program that has proven effective in reducing everyday stress, compulsive thoughts, and emotions. In our institution, this group therapy is carried out by specialist psychotherapists.
Conscious Mindfulness group therapies were first shaped on the stress reduction method and treating pain disorders. However, in later times, both individual and group programs were developed not only for these areas but also for other psychological conditions. The newest of these is the mindfulness group therapy program developed for child and adolescent patients diagnosed with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and their families. As with other group therapies, this program is 8 weeks old. This program aims to increase the attention skills of children and adolescent patients who suffer from attention deficit and hyperactivity problems, to reduce judgmental thoughts towards themselves, and to increase control of emotions and behaviors. Considering the difficulties experienced not only by children and adolescent patients but also by families, it is mainly aimed to reduce the stress levels of parents and to increase the level of awareness in their attitudes towards their children. In our institution, this group therapy application is carried out by specialist psychotherapists.
COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIOR THERAPY (CBT) Psy. Gülçin ŞENYUVA
Today, the importance of psychotherapy in mental health disorders is well known. Disruptions in the functionality of a person's work, social and private lives are among the reasons that bring to the therapist. Cognitive and behavioral therapies are evidence-based, short-term, problem-focused, time-place therapy methods that address the difficulties and problems experienced by a person.
Behavior is the actions that can be observed and measured. Behavior therapy is the systematic application of learning theories for the analysis and treatment of behavioral problems. It is a treatment approach that creates observable and measurable changes in a person's behavior using learning principles.
Thoughts have an important place in the formation of negative emotions experienced by the person. These thoughts come off very quickly and automatically, and so most of them are vague, unformed, and thoughts that come into one's mind unintentionally. One believes these thoughts fully and it is very difficult to prevent them from coming to mind. Mental health problems are seen with the results that occur when the deeply underlying beliefs and thoughts of the person are activated by a life event. Cognitive therapy is to change the cognitive structures that cause these problems to emerge and continue to be more functional-appropriate.
Cognitive and behavioral therapy is currently known as the most functional therapy method in psychopathologies such as depression, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobias, and behavioral problems.
HYPNOTHERAPY
Hypnotherapy is therapy through hypnosis. In other words, it is the treatment through hypnosis. Hypnotherapy is accepted as a method of psychotherapy in the medical world. We all go through countless hypnotic experiences as a natural part of our lives, including people who say I am not hypnosis. Therefore, this familiarity is better understood when hypnosis is re-experienced as a part of our natural life in a hypnotherapy environment and with the help of a hypnotherapist.
A conscious brain is more critical, it tends to analyze more when solving problems. It can show resistance. This can cause instability and difficulty in taking action. While under hypnosis, the unconscious mind that gets rid of this analysis ability of consciousness becomes more ready to receive suggestions and therapy takes place.
USAGE AREAS OF HYPNOTHERAPY
• Mood disorders (depression, bipolar),
•Anxiety disorders (uncontrollable anxiety, fear, panic, tension, boredom),
• Somatoform (body-oriented) disorders,
• Eating disorders,
• Obesity,
• Sleeping disorders,
• Sexual disorders,
• Obsessions (OCD),
• Psychosis (provided if it is in remission),
• Tics,
• Stuttering,
• Night urinary incontinence,
•Addictions (smoking, alcohol, substance, gambling, internet, etc.),
• Phobias (various extreme fears),
• Traumas,
•Performance anxiety (exam stress, stage excitement),
• Increasing performance in sports,
•Increasing performance in education (unwillingness to study, inability to maintain attention, getting bored quickly, memory, learning, remembering),
In personal development:
• Insecurity, lack of self-confidence,
•Excessive excitement and fear in social situations,
• Inability to speak in public,
• Not being able to make eye contact, everyone looking at me thoughts,
• Problems in relationships with the opposite sex,
• Inability to control yourself, overreacting,
• Inability to express feelings and thoughts,
• Shivering, sweating, stuttering, flushing,
EMDR
EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is a psychotherapy technique discovered in 1987 by the American psychologist Francine Shapiro. During the technique, bilateral stimulation (right and left side of the brain) is provided with eye movements, sounds, or small touches on the body. During this stimulation, the patient goes to his past memories, events he experienced today that triggered those memories, and positive experiences he wants to have in the future. Eye movements significantly reduce the negative effects of desensitization of traumatic experiences.
The information processing process ensures that the traumatic memory is kept in the mind in harmony. During this process, the patient can experience gaining insight, changing memories, or making new connections.
usage areas
Acute Trauma, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Phobia, Panic Disorder
In people working under intense stress
People who experience intense sadness and mourning due to the loss of a relative
Symptoms due to traumas experienced by children and adolescents
In victims of sexual assault
In victims of natural disasters or man-made disasters
Persons who have suffered from accidents, surgeries, or burns and who are emotionally and physically uncomfortable as a result.
People with family, marital, and sexual problems
In reducing the risk of recurrence of addiction
It is used to increase the performance of individuals who have performance anxiety or who have deficiencies at school, at work, while dealing with arts and sports.
PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPIES
One of the therapy schools used in understanding people is psychodynamic psychotherapies. Briefly, in psychodynamic therapies, the processes that cause distress, anxiety, fear, unhappiness in the life of the individual and the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that create conflict in their relations with their environment are deeply understood and realized with the therapist in the unique historical development of the person. With the insightful development gained by reinterpreting the realized processes within the therapeutic relationship, it is aimed that the individual will be able to pass his own desires in accordance with his life as a result of the functional and healthy transformation of the conflicts that disturb the individual.
In psychodynamic therapies, the individual's childhood experiences and development work with psychoanalytic concepts such as unconscious determinants behind behavior and affect, transference, defenses, object relations, the person's resistance to therapeutic work, dreams, and repetitive vital experiences. Although psychodynamic therapies use similar concepts with psychoanalytic therapies in treatment, as in psychoanalytic therapies, the study is performed face-to-face, not on the sofa. Although the session frequency and working time are determined with the patient, the session frequency is usually once a week, regression is not allowed as much as in psychoanalytic therapies, and the therapist uses more active interpretation within the (here and now) principle.
MOTIVATIONAL MEETING
Motivational interviewing is a technique for bringing about change. Change is a difficult process for all of us. Sometimes we strive to make the change, sometimes to sustain it. The situations in which we have the most difficulties in our life are usually the situations in which we are in change. The motivational interview aims to support, provide and sustain change.
Motivation is the fuel of change. The more quality, efficient and sustainable our sources of motivation are, the more likely we are to reach the target. With motivational interviews, it is ensured that people reach their change goals by working on our motivations, which are the basis of change. It is usually applied in areas where we need to choose between instant gratification and long-term benefit. This can be an example of changing eating habits and choosing not to eat sweet (instant gratification), with the goal of losing weight (long-term benefit).
LANGUAGE AND SPEECH THERAPY
Speech and language therapy; are interventions for the management and treatment of voice, language, speech, and swallowing disorders in children and adults. The intervention program is carried out by field experts. Language therapy programs can be created for language problems and language skills activities in cases such as delayed language and speech, aphasia, brain damage. Articulation/pronunciation phonological disorder therapy programs can be created that include intervention in speech sounds for the inability to make some sounds, correct production, and acquisition of speech sounds. Intervention programs for rapid distorted speech and stuttering can be applied regarding the fluency of speech. In the intervention of formations that cause hoarseness such as polyps and nodules, therapy programs can be created for various vocal problems. This includes the implementation of therapy programs for differential nutritional problems and situations and swallowing difficulties.
Situations that require speech and language therapy briefly; articulation disorder. inability to say or misrepresent certain sounds, voice problems such as hoarseness and cracking when speaking, delayed speech (for example, a child who is three years old does not speak or speaks in very short sentences), stuttering, and rapid distorted speech, aphasia, dysarthria. Language and speech disorders caused by traumatic brain damage such as cerebral hemorrhage and accidents, swallowing problems, Down syndrome, language and speech disorders caused by autism. language and speech problems due to anomalies such as cleft lip and palate, language and speech disorders due to hearing impairment can be summarized as disorders. Therapy includes the detailed diagnosis of these situations, the establishment of the intervention process, and the effective execution.
EXISTENCE THERAPY
Existential therapy is a school of therapy that started in Europe in the years following the Second World War and became widespread in America with forced migration. It describes a therapy school inspired by Martin Heidegger's existential philosophy. Ludwig Binswanger, Viktor E. Frankl, Rollo May, Otto Rank, and Irvin Yalom are major existential pioneers of psychotherapy. It is possible to find common aspects between existentialism and Eastern philosophies.
human is the only living thing that knows he was born and will die one day, and this fact worries him whether he lives meaningfully or not. Existential therapy prioritizes the perception and experience of the "I". The main problem that existential therapy deals with; is the ability to grasp the meaning of existence through the way one perceives one's own "self" and experiences his own responsibility for existence.
One of the main problems of modern man is alienation. The number of people experiencing disconnection, disconnection, alienation and emotional deprivation is increasing. There are very few moments when we can realize the "I" and be free.
The existential psychotherapist tries to understand the person coming to the treatment within his / her own world. In existential therapy, understanding takes precedence over technique. While traditional approaches emphasize what the therapist should specifically "do", existential therapy focuses on the content of the process, understanding and living one's existence. The important thing is to be fully aware of what we are living. When we are fully aware of what we are experiencing, "meaning" also arises spontaneously and unwanted emotions become affordable.
SCHEME THERAPY
Schema Therapy is a method that focuses on understanding and, of course, changing early life experiences, their reflections in adulthood. Although it is a suitable method for changing the effects of particularly difficult personality traits and severe life events, it is also used in combating other psychological difficulties. Schema Therapy is used effectively in different areas such as child, adolescent, individual, group, and couple therapies.
In Schema Therapy, distressing emotions are studied in the foreground as well as studying the distressing thoughts brought on by the person, because it is obvious that distressing patterns (“why always me?!”) persist due to problematic emotional experiences experienced in the past. The aim is to support individuals to understand that the emotions and behavioral patterns that they have difficulty in changing are a result of dysfunctional conditions in their childhood/adolescence. In the therapy process, to restructure the perspectives that make life difficult with more realistic ones, to work with emotion-oriented (restructuring of negative emotion). To change the emotion that does not go parallel to it even if the perspective changes, and to replace all these negative perspectives and negative behavioral patterns driven by emotions with compatible ones so to speak. The main goal is to regulate the life and to prevent the recurrence of troubled thoughts.
ADDICTION THERAPIES
Individual therapies are very important in addiction treatment. The first goal in addiction therapy is to help the person gain insight into addiction and develop a perception of harm. In therapies, the factors that push the person to use substances should be determined and the patient should be kept away from the specified person, situation, place, or triggers. The person is helped to reconstruct his life. It should be ensured that the person recognizes and recognizes his / her wishes and learns and develops ways to cope with the request.
In addiction treatment, individual psychotherapies are very necessary and effective in order to gain insight into the psychological factors that cause relapses and to cope with possible risky situations. In order to prevent the intense emotional states that push the person to substance use, problematic thinking and behavioral patterns should be identified and evaluated, and more functional responses that can be used instead of them should be determined with the patient. The focus should be on improving the person's coping skills and
problem-solving skills. Recognizing and coping with emotions is also important to prevent slippage. Therefore, emotion management should also be studied in interviews.
It is essential to activate the motivation for the continuity of recovery in addiction treatment. For this reason, in individual therapies, the patient's resources are activated in cooperation with the therapist and the patient is aimed to enjoy life without resorting to alcohol and substance. The talks are about building a new life outside the alcohol-substance axis, acquiring new occupations and living his life in a more planned and programmed manner.
SEXUAL THERAPIES
Sexual therapies are a treatment approach that includes different techniques and is used by psychologists and psychiatrists specially trained in this field to solve the problems of individuals and couples who have problems in their sexual lives. While problems in the sexual sphere can seriously reduce the quality of life of individuals, they also have a great impact on mental health. On the other hand, sexual problems may have arisen as a result of other problems. Physical factors such as cardiovascular diseases, hormonal irregularities, genetic diseases, and psychological factors such as lack of education, prejudices, substance use, depression and relationship conflicts can cause problems in sexual life. For this reason, it is important to approach the problems with a multidisciplinary perspective. When the cause of the problem is determined, when necessary, support is received from the relevant branches on the one hand, and interviews are made to solve the problem in therapies on the other hand. It is mainly used in supportive techniques such as Biofeedback as well as CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) techniques in individual and couple interviews.
- Premature Ejaculation
- Anorgasmia (inability to have an orgasm)
- Erectile Dysfunction (erectile dysfunction)
- Dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse)
- Vaginismus
- Arousal disorders
- Lack of Sexual Desire These are the most common sexual problems.
GROUP THERAPIES
Group Therapies are a process in which many experiences are experienced with many different techniques in which 8-12 members are involved, but always based on the "here and now" and a person embarks on an inner journey with a group. There are many types of Group Therapies: Interaction Groups in which many emotions, thoughts and experiences are dealt with, starting from the "here and now"; Art Psychotherapies (Painting, literature, music, cinema, poetry…) done by taking advantage of the power of art that facilitates access to our inner world; Schizophrenia, Bipolar, OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), Anxiety Disorders, Panic Disorders, Agoraphobia, Social Phobia groups; Communication groups to increase social skills; Many different group therapies such as the groups in which people with traumatic experiences and pain share their pain, and support and training groups for the families of all these groups. In these groups, members can join common complaint groups or mixed groups (where complaints differ) in a way that the Group Therapist and the patient's psychiatrist are most appropriate for the patient. These Group Therapies, which are performed in the polyclinic, are performed at the same time, once a week. In addition, Group Therapies are performed three days a week in our clinics where we serve our inpatients.
The main feature that distinguishes Group Therapies from individual therapy is the presence of a group of people; In the group representing this society, "the human being a social entity". Observes himself and meets the sides that he does not realize and in a sense creates the opportunity to develop his communication skills in a safer area. In this sense, Group Therapies are very beneficial not only for those who have received a psychiatric diagnosis and are being treated, but also for those who want to discover themselves, an inner journey and, of course, to get to know themselves with passengers
PSYCHOANALYSIS
Freud defined psychoanalysis under three main headings: a method used to understand the mental processes of human beings, a treatment technique based on this method, and a discipline used to evaluate the data generated by this method. As can be understood from this definition, psychoanalysis does not only treat people; It is a system that aims to understand them.
In the process of psychoanalysis, it is ensured that the experiences or memories thrown into the unconscious of the individual are remembered again and the connection between them and the inner world is reconsidered. In this process, the individual (the analyst) is expected to say everything that comes to his mind without censoring and filtering judgment and logic. This is called "free association". In addition, all internal processes such as dreams and fantasies are asked to be explained to the psychoanalyst. Along with this, the individual (the analyst) begins to become aware of the defenses he has created to keep his experiences or memories unconscious. With the awareness, the problem that brings the person to psychoanalysis has become clearer and ready to be solved.
When Can Psychoanalysis Be Applied?
When an individual has difficulties in his / her life, experiences recurrent problems in his / her relationships, and symptoms negatively affect his / her life or want to understand and make sense of his / her own spirituality, he/she can apply to psychoanalysis
What Kind of Technique Is Psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalytic sessions are held in 45-minute sessions, 3 to 5 sessions per week, in which the patient lies on the couch and the psychoanalyst doesn't. These session frequencies are not related to the patient being very patient and very severe. The nature of psychoanalysis requires working with the psychoanalyst at this intensity in order to recognize the interrelationship of all unconscious and psychic processes.
Who Does Psychoanalysis?
To be able to do psychoanalysis, the mental health professional must have completed his own personal psychoanalysis and completed the necessary psychoanalytic training (psychoanalytic formation) to become a psychoanalyst.
SUPPORTIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY
Supportive psychotherapy is psychotherapy designed specifically for the client in a planned and specific manner of the therapist's interventions, which should be a psychiatric diagnostic evaluation. Supportive psychotherapy is based on psychodynamic foundations. However, the psychotherapist using this type of therapy is applied with a holistic approach, taking into account the needs of the patient.
The aims of supportive psychotherapy are to improve existing symptoms, to reduce the risk of recurrence of the problem and to cope, to increase ego functions and adaptation skills; It is to support the individual to cope with current problems
Supportive psychotherapy is the most commonly used type of psychotherapy in cases of depression, phobia, anxiety disorders, psychosomatic disorders, suicide, mourning, marital problems, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and personality disorders. It is also used during the periods when medical illnesses occur.
In short, supportive psychotherapy is aimed at strengthening the patient's ability to cope with stressors. It ensures that spiritual needs are recognized and these needs are met.
