Who becomes addicted to substances?
First of all, it should be noted that anyone who uses substances is at risk of becoming addicted. There is no safe substance to use. However, individuals who are impulsive, novelty-seeking, easily risk-taking, have a broken family structure, neglected adolescents, use substances as a way of coping with stress and have a genetic predisposition are at much greater risk.
What are Addictive Substances?
Addictive substances include tobacco, alcohol, ecstasy, cannabis, heroin, cocaine, cocaine, bonzai, inhalants, LSD, GHB, some types of mushrooms, ketamine, anabolic steroids, methamphetamine. In recent years, substances which are chemical derivatives of cannabis and which have not yet been detected by routine toxicology tests have also started to be used. Such addictive substances are not recognized because they are not detected in tests.
The perception of addictive substances, which we try to limit as drugs, volatile and harmful substances, has begun to break down in today's world. Anything with a reward at the end can be addictive. For example; Internet addiction is an increasing type of addiction. It is especially common among adolescents and young adults. While betting and gambling have been addictions for a long time, online betting has been added to this. Computer games and virtual shopping addiction are also addictions that need to be treated. As technology and the world have evolved, addictions have taken on a new dimension.
Cannabis
Cannabis (cannabis) is an addictive substance known since ancient times. Today, its use is second only to cigarettes, caffeine and alcohol. Cannabis (cannabis) is an addictive substance that has been known since ancient times. Today, its use is second only to cigarettes, caffeine and alcohol. It is estimated that cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in the world.
The cannabis plant contains more than 400 different chemicals. The most psychoactive of these is (-)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The most potent form of cannabis is obtained from the dry, brown-black, resinous ooze from the flower or leaves of the plant called hashish or hashish. The cannabis plant is usually cut, dried, cut into small pieces, rolled into a cigarette (called a joint) and smoked. It is also used in a bong or bucket. Common names for cannabis are marijuana, weed, tea, pot, weed and Mary Jane. Other names for cannabis of different strengths are hemp, chasra, bhang, ganja, dagga and sinsemilla.
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Cocaine
Cocaine is an alkaloid derived from the plant Erythroxylon coca, which grows spontaneously in South America and whose leaves are chewed by natives to benefit from its stimulant effect. It was first used as a local anesthetic in 1880. In 1914, when its addictive effects and side effects were described, cocaine was classified as a narcotic along with morphine and heroin. In street jargon, it is known as coke, C, snow, blow, toot, nose candy lady. Crack cocaine is a form of cocaine hydrochloride to which sodium bicarbonate or ammonia and water are added. It is a substance with a fast onset of action and a high risk of addiction after the first use.
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Stone (Crack)
Crack cocaine is a form of cocaine hydrochloride to which sodium bicarbonate or ammonia and water are added. It is a substance with a fast onset of action and a high risk of addiction after the first use.
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Heroin
Opioid is a chemical substance that acts like morphine in the body. More than 20 chemically different opioids are in clinical use worldwide. In developed countries, heroin is the opioid most commonly associated with abuse and addiction.
Opium is obtained by scratching the fresh capsules of Papaver somniferum and drying the resulting juice. Morphine is obtained from opium and heroin (diacetylmorphine) from the processing of morphine. It produces a feeling of well-being in the person who uses it. It has a very high addiction potential even with one-time use and tolerance develops rapidly, especially compared to other substances. The street names commonly used for heroin in our country are cheese, white, kashar,
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Ecstasy
MDMA (3-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) was synthesized in 1914. Ecstasy releases all the serotonin in the brain and causes feelings of comfort, satiety, well-being and happiness. Serious side effects and severe depression occur due to serotonin deficiency. When taken orally, the effects of the drug start to take effect after about 30-40 minutes and last for 3-4 hours. Studies show that it can cause disruption in heart rhythm, hypertension, short-term memory and loss of appetite, insomnia, increased pain threshold, dilated pupils and movement left and right, disruption in temperature regulation, teeth clenching (bruxism), erectile dysfunction in men and muscle spasms. Although it is known that the body should consume as much fluid as it loses because it causes fluid loss, it is also known that excessive water consumption can lead to water intoxication called hyponatremia, which can lead to death.
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Volatile Substances
Volatile substances (inhalants) are volatile hydrocarbons such as toluene, n-hexane, methyl butyl ketone, trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, dichloromethane, benzene and butane. These chemicals are sold commercially in four different forms:
1) Volatiles used in adhesives and glues
2) Used as a propellant in spray paints, hair sprays, frying pan sprays and shaving cream aerosols
3) Thinners (e.g. those used in paints and typewriter correction fluids
4) Liquid fuels
At room temperature, these compounds are gaseous and enter the bloodstream via the transpulmonary route by inhalation through the mouth or nasal inhalation. Volatiles are easily accessible, have a short duration of action and are often abused, especially by adolescents.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamines (amphetamine, methamphetamine), ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine) and its derivatives and other synthetic stimulants (methcathinone, phenethylline) constitute amphetamine-type stimulants (ATUs).
Amphetamine is one of the most effective drugs currently used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This active substance can be abused by adults due to its stimulant-pleasurable effects. Amphetamine derivative drugs have been closely monitored in recent years due to their addictive potential and in Turkey they are prescribed on red prescription.
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Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine shows its stimulant effect by causing the release of dopamine and norepinephrine. The availability of amphetamine derivatives in the market has led to the widespread use of amphetamine addiction. Before its addiction potential was discovered, methamphetamine and its derivatives were used for the treatment of many unrelated diseases such as schizophrenia, narcolepsy, hyperactivity, multiple sclerosis, obesity, migraine and seasickness. Methamphetamine was introduced in France in 1932 in nasal preparations for nasal inhalation called benzedrine, which regulates nasal congestion. It is currently sold as an over-the-counter nasal decongestant in the United States
Methamphetamine can be used orally, injected, smoked or snorted. In our country, methamphetamine has been used more frequently than many other substances in different cities in recent years.
