The rectum is the part of the large intestine closest to the anus. Rectal cancer is a disease caused by the formation of malignant (cancer) cells in the rectal tissues. Although the cause of this disease, which is more common in men than in women, is not fully determined, there are some risk factors that can lead to this condition. Treatment is planned by specialists depending on the stage of the disease and the extent to which it has developed.
The rectum and colon are part of the digestive system, so cancers of the rectum and colon are often grouped under the term colorectal cancer.
What are the Symptoms of Rectal Cancer?
Rectal cancer may not show obvious symptoms in the early stages. As the disease develops, symptoms may include changes in bowel movements, rectal bleeding, thin and ribbon-like stools. In addition, symptoms of rectal cancer can be listed as follows:
- Bright red or very dark blood in the stool,
- Changes in bowel movements (diarrhea or constipation),
- The feeling that the intestines are not completely empty,
- Frequent gas pains, bloating, fullness or cramps,
- Unexplained weight loss,
- Fatigue and weakness.
What Causes Rectal Cancer?
Althoughthe causes of rectal cancer are not fully known, there are many different factors that can lead to this condition. The risk factors thought to cause rectal cancer are as follows:
- A family history of colon or rectal cancer in a first-degree relative (parent, sibling or child),
- A history of colon, rectal or ovarian cancer,
- A history of diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,
- Lynch Syndrome,
- Alcohol and smoking,
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle,
- Advanced age
- Diabetes (diabetes),
- Receiving radiotherapy treatment, especially to the abdomen,
How is rectal cancer diagnosed?
Rectal cancer can be diagnosed with screening tests performed by a specialist in suspected cases depending on the patient's complaints, signs and symptoms. The methods used to confirm the diagnosis are as follows:
Colonoscopy: It is an imaging procedure that allows the rectum to be examined by entering the anus area with a medical device with a camera and light at the end. By visualizing the rectum, it is determined whether the suspected lesion is malignant or not.
Biopsy: In case of any suspicion during imaging, a small sample is taken from the relevant area and examined.
In order todiagnose rectal cancer early, you should go to the nearest health institution and consult a specialist immediately after the symptoms appear.
Rectal Cancer Treatment
The treatment of rectal cancer depends on the stage of the disease and how far it has progressed. The patient's age, general health condition, size and location of the tumor, stage and grade of the cancer are the determining factors in the treatment planning to be made by specialists.
Treatment methods include surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In some cases, surgical intervention may be sufficient to remove the tumor, while in others chemotherapy or radiotherapy is required.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Diagnosis in the early stages helps to prevent complications that may arise due to cancer.
