Cervical osteoarthritis, medically known as cervical spondylosis, is a health problem caused by wear and tear on the cervical vertebrae. Cervical osteoarthritis occurs as a result of aging-related wear and tear, especially in the spinal discs, connective tissues and bones. This condition can manifest itself with symptoms such as stiffness, pain and restriction in neck movements.
Cervical osteoarthritis is most common in people over the age of 50, but it can also occur at younger ages due to genetic factors, posture disorders and prolonged work at the computer. Cervical osteoarthritis can lead to restricted movement in the neck, nerve root compression between the vertebrae and spinal cord irritation.
In some people, cervical osteoarthritis may go unnoticed for a long time because the symptoms may be mild in the initial stage. However, in later stages, cervical osteoarthritis can cause pain radiating from the neck to the shoulders and arms, numbness and loss of strength. Cervical osteoarthritis should be diagnosed early when symptoms appear and appropriate treatment should be planned, as it can lead to more serious complications if left untreated.
What is arthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a health problem that occurs when the cartilage tissue in the joints wears or deteriorates and the bones begin to rub against each other. This condition, called osteoarthritis in medical language, can occur in any joint in the body. However, it most commonly affects areas such as the neck, knees, hips and hands.
Osteoarthritis of the neck, or cervical osteoarthritis, involves wear and tear on the joints of the spine. Cervical osteoarthritis is characterized by symptoms such as pain, stiffness and limitation of movement in the joints. Although this condition usually occurs as a result of the aging process, factors such as genetic predisposition, poor posture habits, overload and trauma can accelerate this process.
When cervical osteoarthritis affects the cervical spine, it can limit neck movement and put pressure on the surrounding nerves. This pressure can cause symptoms such as headaches, pain radiating to the shoulders and arms, hand numbness and tingling. Cervical osteoarthritis can progress and negatively affect quality of life if not treated early when symptoms begin.
What are the symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis?
Cervical osteoarthritis may manifest itself with mild complaints in the early stages, but as it progresses, more prominent and disturbing symptoms appear. The most common symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis:
Neck pain and stiffness: Constant or occasional pain in the neck is the most common symptom of cervical osteoarthritis. The feeling of stiffness can limit the mobility of the neck and make daily activities difficult.
Headache: Cervical osteoarthritis can cause headaches in the back of the head and nape of the neck. This pain is usually caused by pressure on the nerves in the neck.
Pain radiating to the shoulders and arms: Neck arthritis affecting the nerve roots can cause pain to radiate from the neck to the shoulders and arms. This is often associated with nerve compression.
Numbness and Tingling: Nerve compression due to cervical osteoarthritis can cause numbness or tingling in the arms and hands. This can make it difficult to do everyday tasks.
Difficulty in Neck Movements: Osteoarthritis can limit neck movements, causing pain and difficulty when moving the neck left and right or up and down. Neck arthritis can seriously affect mobility.
Muscle Weakness: Advanced cervical osteoarthritis can lead to loss of muscle strength. This particularly affects the hands and arms and can lead to a decrease in grip strength.
Balance Problems: When there is pressure on the spinal cord, cervical osteoarthritis can cause balance problems and difficulty walking.
The symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis may vary from person to person. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent the progression of these symptoms and improve quality of life. Cervical osteoarthritis can lead to more serious health problems without timely intervention.
What causes cervical osteoarthritis?
Cervical osteoarthritis, medically known as cervical spondylosis, usually occurs as a result of wear and tear processes in the cervical vertebrae. There are many factors that contribute to this condition. The main causes of cervical osteoarthritis:
Age: The most common cause of cervical osteoarthritis is the natural changes that occur in the structure of the spine with age. The discs between the vertebrae lose their flexibility and flatten over time. In this process, small protrusions (osteophytes) form on the bones, which can compress the nerve roots and cause pain.
Genetic Predisposition: Genetic factors can cause neck arthritis to occur at an earlier age. A family history of arthritis or joint diseases is a factor that increases the risk of neck arthritis.
Bad Posture Habits: Activities such as working at the computer for a long time, looking at the phone while leaning or carrying heavy loads put more strain on the neck area than necessary. This can trigger cervical osteoarthritis and exacerbate symptoms over time.
Trauma and Injuries: Previous injuries to the neck or traffic accidents can weaken the structure of the spine and lead to cervical osteoarthritis. Such traumas can cause permanent changes, especially in the cervical spine, increasing the risk of arthritis.
Smoking: Smoking accelerates the calcification process by negatively affecting the nutrition of spinal discs. Smoking reduces the regeneration capacity of spinal structures and becomes an effective factor in the formation of cervical osteoarthritis.
Inactivity and Muscle Weakness: Lack of physical activity can lead to weak neck and back muscles. Weak muscles increase the load on the spine and accelerate arthritis.
Repetitive Movements or Occupational Strain: Jobs that require repetitive movements or activities that constantly strain the neck can wear down the spine over time. The risk of neck arthritis is higher, especially in individuals who work in heavy jobs.
Other Joint Diseases: Diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis can weaken the neck joints and spine, increasing the risk of cervical osteoarthritis.
Neck osteoarthritis is usually caused by a combination of multiple factors. Lifestyle changes and good posture habits can reduce the risk of cervical osteoarthritis. It is important to consult a specialist doctor to prevent or treat cervical osteoarthritis.
How to recognize cervical osteoarthritis?
Cervical osteoarthritis is sometimes difficult to diagnose as the symptoms may vary from person to person. However, there are some signs and diagnostic methods to be aware of. Details on how to recognize cervical osteoarthritis:
Monitoring Symptoms: Cervical osteoarthritis usually manifests itself with symptoms such as pain, stiffness and limitation of movement in the neck. However, symptoms such as pain radiating to the shoulders and arms, numbness or tingling should not be ignored. If these complaints become chronic, a specialist should be consulted. Recognizing the symptoms of neck arthritis early can facilitate the treatment process.
Physical Examination: By assessing neck movements, muscle strength and reflexes, a physician can get information about the severity of cervical osteoarthritis. The source of the pain can be understood by testing how easily the neck moves in certain positions.
Imaging Techniques: Modern medical imaging methods are very effective in diagnosing cervical osteoarthritis:
- X-rays: Provides information about structural changes in the spine and the presence of osteophytes.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance): Used to detect nerve compression, disc problems and soft tissue damage.
- CT (Computed Tomography): Provides detailed images of the bones, clarifying the extent of neck osteoarthritis.
Nerve Function Tests: Tests such as electromyography (EMG) can be performed to see if nerves are affected by osteoarthritis of the neck. These tests measure the conduction velocity of the nerves and determine whether there is impingement.
Patient History: The patient's medical history, work life, posture habits and physical activities provide important information in the diagnostic process. The physician supports the diagnosis of neck arthritis in the light of this information.
If neck arthritis is diagnosed and treated early, it can be controlled and its progression can be prevented. Consulting a specialist without neglecting your complaints is a critical step for the treatment of cervical osteoarthritis.
What are the Types of Arthritis Affecting the Neck?
Pain and stiffness in the neck may not be limited to arthritis of the neck. Some types of arthritis can affect the neck and cause similar symptoms, which can often be confused with cervical osteoarthritis. Types of arthritis that can cause pain, limitation of movement and stiffness in the neck can be associated with symptoms such as osteoarthritis of the neck. The main types of arthritis affecting the neck:
Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis caused by the wear of cartilage tissue in the joints. Cartilage wear in the cervical vertebrae causes the bones to rub against each other, causing pain, stiffness and restricted movement. It is very similar to the symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis and is often associated with aging.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joints. When it affects the joints of the neck, it can cause severe pain, inflammation and deformation at the level of the spine. This exacerbates the symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis and limits the mobility of the neck.
Ankylosing spondylitis: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic form of arthritis that affects the spine and can cause stiffness and pain in the neck. In advanced stages, fusion of the bones in the spine can occur, severely limiting neck movement. When ankylosing spondylitis is combined with osteoarthritis of the neck, the symptoms can become even more complex.
Psoriatic Arthritis: Psoriatic arthritis, associated with psoriasis, can affect the neck joints, causing pain, swelling and restricted movement. These problems in the neck can be confused with osteoarthritis of the neck. Psoriatic arthritis is often accompanied by skin symptoms.
Reactive Arthritis: Reactive arthritis, which develops after infection, rarely affects the neck joints. However, pain and stiffness can be seen in the neck along with other areas. Since it may show similar symptoms with neck arthritis, care should be taken when making the diagnosis.
The types of arthritis affecting the neck may overlap with osteoarthritis of the neck in terms of symptoms and effects. Therefore, it is important to consult a specialist early for correct diagnosis and treatment.
How is neck arthritis diagnosed?
Cervical osteoarthritis is comprehensively evaluated with different methods for an accurate diagnosis. Physicians try to understand the extent and effects of cervical osteoarthritis by listening to the patient's complaints and performing various tests. Methods used to diagnose osteoarthritis of the neck:
Listening to the patient's complaints: The first step in the diagnostic process is a detailed evaluation of the symptoms experienced by the patient. It is important how long complaints such as neck pain, limitation of movement, numbness and tingling have been going on. This information helps the physician to determine the stage of cervical osteoarthritis.
Physical Examination: The physician performs a physical examination to check the neck's mobility, muscle strength and reflexes. This evaluation plays an important role in understanding the source of pain and the effects of cervical osteoarthritis on the spine.
Imaging Techniques: The following imaging techniques are used to confirm the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the neck and to see the details of the condition:
- X-rays: Used to detect bone spurs (osteophytes) in the spine and narrowing of the disc spaces.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An effective method to show nerve compression, disc problems and soft tissue damage.
- Computed Tomography (CT): Provides detailed images of the bones of the spine, giving a clear picture of the extent of neck osteoarthritis.
Nerve Function Tests: Tests such as electromyography (EMG) can be performed to see if nerves are affected. These tests measure the conduction velocity of the nerves to determine whether there is nerve compression and help to understand the effect of osteoarthritis of the neck on the nerves.
Laboratory Tests: Blood tests may be done to rule out other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or infection. In rare cases, these tests are important to distinguish between diseases that have similar symptoms to osteoarthritis of the neck.
Cervical osteoarthritis is diagnosed by a combination of symptoms, physical examination findings and imaging results. Early diagnosis is of great importance to prevent the progression of the disease and to ensure successful treatment. People with suspected neck arthritis should consult a specialist.
Neck Calcification Treatment
Cervical osteoarthritis can be controlled with different treatment methods, depending on the severity of the disease and the symptoms the person is experiencing. The treatment plan usually focuses on relieving pain, increasing mobility and stopping the progression of arthritis. The main treatment methods for cervical osteoarthritis:
Medication:
- Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs: Commonly used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation caused by cervical osteoarthritis.
- Muscle Relaxants: Provides relief by reducing muscle spasms due to cervical osteoarthritis.
- Steroids: It is an effective treatment option used under the supervision of a doctor in cases of severe inflammation.
Physical Therapy: Physical therapy is a very effective method in neck arthritis. Exercises performed by a specialized physiotherapist strengthen the neck muscles, increase flexibility and reduce pain. Physical therapy also helps to improve mobility in the neck.
Lifestyle Changes and Posture Training: Poor postural habits can worsen osteoarthritis of the neck. Therefore, creating ergonomic working conditions, using supports to maintain neck position and exercising regularly are important in the treatment process.
Alternative Treatment Methods:
- Acupuncture: It is an effective method used to relieve the pain associated with cervical osteoarthritis.
- Massage Therapy: It relaxes the neck muscles and can reduce pain.
Neck Injections: In cases of severe pain, doctor-recommended corticosteroid injections relieve nerve root inflammation and pressure. It can offer a quick solution to reduce the symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis.
Surgical Intervention: Surgical intervention may be considered in patients who do not respond to treatment and have severe compression of the nerve roots. Surgery is usually performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and repair calcified areas.
Methods that can be done at home:
- Hot and Cold Compresses: It is an effective method to relieve the pain caused by neck arthritis.
- Light Exercises and Walking: Regular gentle movements support the neck muscles and relieve symptoms.
Treatment for cervical osteoarthritis should be tailored to the individual condition. For the treatment process to be successful, it is important to follow the doctor's recommendations and adopt healthy living habits.
What are the Non-Surgical Treatment Options for Cervical Osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis of the neck can often be managed without the need for surgical intervention. Non-surgical treatment methods focus on relieving pain, increasing mobility and preventing the progression of arthritis. Commonly used non-surgical treatment options for osteoarthritis of the neck:
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation:
- Exercise Programs: Stretching and strengthening exercises recommended by physical therapists support the neck muscles and increase mobility.
- Manual Therapy: Physical applications performed with professional hands provide relief by reducing stiffness in the neck and relieve pain due to neck arthritis.
Medication Therapy:
- Painkillers: Commonly used for mild to moderate pain caused by cervical osteoarthritis.
- Muscle Relaxants: Relieve muscle spasms in the neck.
- Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Relieve pain by reducing inflammation.
Lifestyle Changes:
- Ergonomic Posture: Ergonomic adjustments to equipment such as desks, chairs and computer screens can reduce the strain on the neck area.
- Avoiding Being Sedentary: Moving the neck at regular intervals instead of sitting for long periods can reduce the symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis.
Hot and Cold Therapies
- Hot Applications: Relieves pain by relaxing the neck muscles.
- Cold Compresses: It can alleviate the discomfort caused by neck arthritis by reducing swelling and inflammation.
Massage Therapy and Acupuncture
- Massage Therapy: Relaxes the muscles in the neck to increase circulation and reduce pain.
- Acupuncture: It is an alternative treatment to control the pain associated with osteoarthritis of the neck and to relax the muscles.
Weight Control and Nutrition: A healthy diet and regular exercise can reduce the risk of cervical osteoarthritis. Since excess weight puts extra pressure on the spine, weight control is important to support neck health.
Non Steroid Injections: Local injections recommended by a doctor can be used to relieve nerve root compression and reduce the pain caused by cervical osteoarthritis.
When practiced regularly, non-surgical treatment methods can reduce the symptoms associated with osteoarthritis of the neck and improve quality of life. However, it is important to consult a specialist doctor before starting these methods.
Injections in the Neck
In the treatment of cervical osteoarthritis, injections are an effective way to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. This treatment option is usually preferred when medication and physical therapy do not produce adequate results. The types of injections used to relieve the symptoms of cervical osteoarthritis are as follows:
Steroid Injections:
- Corticosteroid Injections: These injections relieve pain by reducing inflammation in the neck area. They are an effective option to relieve nerve root compression or pressure on the spinal cord.
- They usually help to reduce pain in a short time and make it easier to start physical therapy.
Nerve Blocking Injections:
- These injections are administered directly into the nerve roots, preventing the nerve from transmitting pain signals. It provides rapid relief in cases of nerve compression. It can be used for both pain control and diagnosis in the diagnosis and treatment of neck arthritis.
Facet Joint Injections:
- These injections, which are applied to the facet joints between the spinal joints, are preferred to relieve local pain caused by neck arthritis.
- It both relieves pain and reduces inflammation.
Trigger Point Injections:
- These injections, which are administered intramuscularly to relax muscle spasms and tender points in the neck, are very effective in relieving tension and pain caused by cervical osteoarthritis.
Epidural Steroid Injections:
- These injections into the spinal canal reduce the pressure on the nerve roots. It is an effective method to relieve pain caused by neck arthritis and radiating to the arms.
Benefits of Injections:
- Relieves pain quickly.
- Reduces nerve inflammation.
- Makes it easier to start physical therapy.
Injections applied to the neck area must be performed by a specialist physician. The effectiveness of injections in the treatment of cervical osteoarthritis may vary from individual to individual and is usually used in combination with other treatment methods. This treatment under expert control makes a great contribution to controlling the symptoms.
When is surgery recommended for cervical osteoarthritis?
Surgical intervention is usually considered as a last resort in the treatment ofcervical osteoarthritis. Most patients can be successfully treated with non-surgical methods. However, in some cases, surgery may become inevitable due to the progression of cervical osteoarthritis or serious complications. Conditions in which surgery is recommended for osteoarthritis of the neck:
Severe Pain: Pain that persists for a long time and does not respond to methods such as medication, physical therapy or injections may require surgery. Surgery aims to control the pain by reducing the pressure on the neck.
Nerve Compression or Nerve Damage: Cervical osteoarthritis can cause severe compression of nerve roots. This can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness or loss of reflexes in the arms and hands. Surgery may be required to prevent further nerve damage.
Pressure on the spinal cord: When cervical osteoarthritis progresses, pressure on the spinal cord may occur. This pressure can lead to neurological problems such as loss of balance, difficulty walking and urinary incontinence. In such cases, urgent surgical intervention is necessary.
Limitation of Movement: Cervical osteoarthritis can severely limit the mobility of the neck. In this case, surgery can be performed to both increase mobility and improve quality of life.
Structural Problems: Serious structural defects in the spinal alignment can become more pronounced as arthritis progresses. In cases such as imbalance between the vertebrae or complete loss of the disc, surgery may be a solution.
Types of Surgery: The main surgical procedures for osteoarthritis of the neck include
- Discectomy: Removal of the damaged disc.
- Laminectomy: A procedure to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.
- Fusion Surgery: Fixation of two or more vertebrae.
Postoperative Process: After surgery, patients may often need to be referred to physical therapy. This process helps to restore neck mobility and strengthen the muscles.
Neck arthritis surgery is preferred only in cases where other treatment methods are inadequate and the condition progresses. It is important to consult a specialist and have a comprehensive evaluation before deciding on surgery.