The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach and helps digestion. Acute pancreatitis is a condition in which the pancreas becomes inflamed over a short period of time. In most people, this is mild and resolves in about a week. However, in some people it can be severe and lead to serious complications. Treatment is carried out by gastroenterologists (gastroenterologists) depending on the underlying cause and type of disease.
There are two types of pancreatitis: acute and chronic. Acute pancreatitis is different from chronic pancreatitis, in which the pancreas is permanently damaged by inflammation over many years.
What are the Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis?
The main symptom of acute pancreatitis is a sudden, severe pain in the center of the abdomen. This pain can gradually worsen and move to the back. In addition, the symptoms of acute pancreatitis can be listed as follows:
- Tenderness or swelling in the abdomen,
- Rapid pulse and rapid breathing,
- Nausea and vomiting,
- Diarrhea
- Fever
What Causes Acute Pancreatitis?
Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by gallstones or too much alcohol consumption, but in some cases the cause cannot be determined. Gallstones are small stones that form in the gallbladder. These stones can trigger acute pancreatitis when they exit the gallbladder and prevent the pancreas from opening. In addition to these, other causes include
- High triglycerides,
- High calcium levels in the blood,
- Drug side effects,
- Damage to the pancreas by the immune system (autoimmune pancreatitis).
How is Acute Pancreatitis Diagnosed?
Forthe diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, the patient's medical history is first listened to in detail and a physical examination is performed. Then a blood sample is taken and tests on pancreatic, liver and kidney functions are performed. Computed Tomography and/or MRI examination is performed. Endoscopic ultrasound may be considered to determine whether there is inflammation and obstruction in the pancreatic duct and bile duct duct. According to all these results, acute pancreatitis can be diagnosed and treatment can be planned.
How is Acute Pancreatitis Treated?
Treatment of acute pancreatitis is planned depending on the severity of the condition. In mild cases, the risk of complications is low and symptoms usually resolve within a week. The aim of treatment is to maintain body functions and relieve symptoms while the pancreas heals itself. Painkillers may be recommended if moderate or severe pain is experienced.
Dehydration often accompanies pancreatitis and can worsen symptoms and complications. To prevent dehydration, the person may be given intravenous fluids for the first 24-48 hours. The specialist may also recommend bowel rest to allow the person's gastrointestinal tract to rest for a few days. Therefore, the person should not take any food or drink by mouth until their condition improves.
