Spondylolisthesis is a condition caused by slippage between vertebrae and can often lead to pain, restricted movement and pinched nerves in the lower back. In medical terms, this condition is called spondylolisthesis and occurs when one vertebra slides forward or backward on the vertebra below it. Spondylolisthesis can be caused by weakening of the discs in the spine, wear and tear of the joint structures or trauma. Over time, this slippage can cause pain, numbness and muscle weakness in the back, lower back, buttocks and legs.
Although slipped discs are often confused with other spinal conditions such as herniated discs, they are caused by different mechanisms. A slipped disc causes the vertebrae to slip and pinch the nerves, while a herniated disc causes the discs to slip out of place and put pressure on the spinal canal. Although these two diseases have similar symptoms, their treatment approaches are different.
What are the symptoms of slipped discs?
Slipped discs are the result of the vertebrae slipping out of their normal position and this condition is characterized by various symptoms. Symptoms of slipped discs can vary, usually depending on the severity of the slip and which vertebra has slipped. In general, however, the following symptoms are the most common:
Pain in the lower back: Most people with a slipped disc experience constant or sharp pain in the lower back. This pain is caused by the pressure of the slip on the spine. In advanced cases, this pain can radiate down to the legs. While the pain usually decreases during rest, it can increase with movement or prolonged sitting.
Numbness and tingling in the legs: The slipped vertebra can put pressure on the surrounding nerves. This can cause numbness, tingling or weakness in the legs. Loss of sensation or difficulty in movement in the legs is often observed, especially when the slipped vertebrae are located in the lumbar region.
Limitation of movement: A slipped disc restricts the natural range of motion of the spine due to the slipping of the vertebrae. This makes it difficult for the person to rotate, bend or stand up. Sometimes, patients have to keep their lower back straight and find it difficult to carry out normal life activities.
Muscle Weakness: Pressure on the nerves as a result of slipping can cause weakness in the leg muscles. Muscle weakness can cause a person to lose balance when walking, fall or be unable to stand for long periods of time. This can lead to muscle wasting (atrophy) over time.
Pain of various sizes: A slipped disc can sometimes cause pain not only in the lower back, but also in the buttocks or legs. These pains can be exacerbated when you move or stay in a certain position for a long time.
Back pain: A slipped disc can sometimes cause pain in the upper back. Especially as the slip progresses, it can also affect different areas along the spine. This type of pain can strain the back muscles, disrupting the proper alignment of the spine.
Nerve compression and paralysis: In severe cases, slipped discs can lead to nerve compression. This can cause paralysis, loss of movement and uncontrolled muscle movements (spastic contractions), especially in the legs. If the nerves are completely compressed, permanent nerve damage can occur if left untreated.
Difficulty Walking: A slipped back can cause loss of balance while walking due to nerve compression in the legs. Problems such as limping, weakness in the legs and lack of coordination may occur during walking.
These are common and widespread symptoms of slipped back. However, each patient's experience may be different. When diagnosed early, slipped discs can be treated with physical therapy or surgical interventions. If these symptoms are present, it is essential to consult a health professional and start appropriate treatment.
What are the types of slipped discs?
Slipped disc is a condition that develops as a result of the vertebrae slipping out of their normal alignment and separating from each other. The types of slipped discs can vary depending on the cause, severity and the vertebrae involved. In general, there are several main types of slipped vertebrae. These types are important factors that influence the treatment process for patients. Common types of slipped back:
Degenerative slipped disc (age-related slippage)
Degenerative slipped discs are often associated with the aging process. The discs between the vertebrae weaken and wear out over time, which can cause one of the vertebrae to slip. This type of slipped disc usually occurs in people aged 50 and over and begins with a weakening of the ligaments between the vertebrae. Over time, the mobility of the joints decreases, leading to slippage. Degenerative slipped discs can often cause symptoms such as pain in the lower back, numbness in the legs and weakness in the legs.
Iatrogenic slipped back
An iatrogenic slipped back is one that develops as a result of a medical or surgical procedure. This type of slipped back may occur as a result of an incorrect surgical procedure or incorrect treatment. Especially in surgeries performed on the spine, displacement and slippage of the vertebrae may occur. If left untreated, this type of slippage can further limit the patient's mobility.
Traumatic slipped back
Traumatic slipped discs occur as a result of accidents or injuries. Trauma such as traffic accidents, sports injuries or falls from a height can severely damage the spinal structures, which can lead to a slipped back. This type of slippage usually occurs as a result of the spine moving quickly and becoming unstable. The traumatic type of slipped back usually requires emergency treatment.
Congenital slipped disc (congenital slipped disc)
Congenital slipped back is caused by anatomical defects that an individual is born with. Some parts of the spine may develop differently from normal at birth, which can lead to slippage over time. This type of slipped back can be recognized at an early age and, if left untreated, can lead to more serious problems later in life. Congenital slipped back is usually diagnosed during childhood.
Isolated slipped back (spontaneous slip)
An isolated slipped disc is a slippage of the spine without any trauma or disease. These slips are usually caused by structural deterioration of the spinal disc or weakening of the ligaments between the vertebrae. These shifts can sometimes develop without affecting the patient's normal life, while sometimes they can cause severe pain and loss of function.
Immune and Infectious Dislocations
Some infections or immune diseases can affect the structure of the spine and cause misalignments. For example, some bacterial infections can affect the spine and cause slippage. Also, rheumatic diseases and connective tissue diseases can interfere with movement in the spine and cause slippage. Such displacements are often associated with other diseases and require a broader course of treatment.
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis is a slippage caused by the separation of part of a vertebra by a small fracture. Spondylolisthesis is characterized by the slipping of one vertebra onto another. This condition usually causes pain in the lower back, numbness in the legs and muscle weakness. Spondylolysis can be congenital or the result of trauma, but left untreated it can lead to spondylolisthesis. This type of slipped back usually requires surgical intervention.
Each type of slipped back requires different treatment approaches. An accurate diagnosis is important to determine the course of treatment. Severe slipped vertebrae can cause weakness, numbness and pain in the legs by pressing on the nerves. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the progression of such conditions.
Why does slipped disc occur?
Slipped discs occur when one vertebra slips over the other or is displaced from its normal position. This condition usually develops due to a structural weakness or overload in the spine. The cause of slipped discs can vary depending on different factors. These factors include genetic predisposition, aging, trauma and environmental factors. Now, let's examine the most common causes of slipped back in more detail:
Aging and Degenerative Changes
Aging is one of the most common causes of slipped discs. Over time, the discs and joints in the spine weaken and lose their flexibility due to wear and tear. The discs act as a buffer between the vertebrae and deterioration of these discs can lead to slipping of the vertebrae. Ligaments and joint surfaces also weaken as we age. Especially in people aged 50 and over, slipped discs are more common due to the weakening of the spine. This type of slipped back is called a "degenerative slipped back" and is usually painful.
Traumas and Injuries
Slipped discs can also develop, often as a result of accidents or injuries. Trauma such as a fall from a height, a car accident or sports injuries can severely affect the ligaments or discs in the spine. A sudden blow to the spine can cause the vertebrae to slip. Traumatic slipped discs are often very painful and require prompt treatment. Slipped back is a common condition, especially after traffic accidents and sports injuries.
Genetic Factors
Some people are more prone to slipped backs due to congenital structural weaknesses. Congenital abnormalities can lead to a weak spinal structure. For example, if the joint structures of the spine are looser than normal, this can cause the vertebrae to slip. In this case, symptoms of slipped back may appear at an early age. Genetic factors can increase the risk of slipped vertebrae, but do not cause slipped vertebrae on their own. Environmental factors can also be effective in this process.
Excess weight and obesity
Being overweight is an important factor that can cause slipped discs. Obesity increases the pressure on the spine, leading to faster wear of the discs and vertebrae. Excess weight also distorts the natural curve of the spine, increasing the risk of slipped discs. Obesity not only accelerates slipped discs, but can also exacerbate symptoms such as pain, inflammation and nerve pressure. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight is an important factor in reducing the risk of slipped backs.
Excessive Exercise and Weightless Movements
Slipped discs can sometimes also develop due to excessive exercise or strenuous physical activities. Causes of slippage include unweighted movements, improper loading of the spine and causing it to overstretch. When professional athletes in particular strain their bodies excessively, the pressure on the spine increases and the risk of a slipped disc can arise. Although this type of slippage is most common in athletes, individuals who do heavy exercise, such as bodybuilding, can also develop a slipped back.
Spinal Anomalies
Congenital spinal anomalies are an important cause of slipped backs. In such anomalies, the spinal structures do not develop properly and have a different structure than normal. When the natural balance between the vertebrae is not maintained, slips can occur. Genetic factors and certain abnormalities during embryo development can increase the risk of slipped vertebrae. This type of congenital misalignment can be diagnosed at an early age and managed with appropriate treatment.
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis is a type of slipped back that develops due to a small fracture between the vertebrae. This fracture is usually caused by a structural weakness at the back of the vertebra. If this fracture is left untreated, the vertebra can slip and this condition is called spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis is when one vertebra slides on top of another. This can lead to serious symptoms such as pain, numbness and muscle weakness. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis can develop as a result of genetic predisposition, overload or trauma.
Excessive bending and posture disorders
Incorrect posture, i.e. impaired body posture, can lead to a slipped back over time. In particular, habits such as sitting for long periods of time, slouching incorrectly or carrying heavy loads can negatively affect spinal health. These slowly settling postural disorders disrupt the natural alignment of the spine and can lead to slippage. Also, constant bending of the lower back can cause the vertebrae to shift from their natural position.
Hormonal changes and women
Women may be at increased risk of slipping back, especially during hormonal changes such as pregnancy and menopause. During pregnancy, as hormone levels change in the body, ligaments loosen and the spine is put under additional strain. After menopause, there may be a decrease in bone density, which can lead to slipped discs. Slipped discs are more common in women than in men, because women's body structure is more flexible than men's.
Slipped discs can develop for different reasons and often require a multifaceted treatment process. Being aware of any of these causes is important to take the necessary steps to reduce the risk of slipped discs. Early diagnosis and treatment will be the most effective way to control this condition.
What is good for slipped disc?
What is good for slipped discs depends on the degree of the disease and the general health of the patient. Treatment and relief processes usually aim to reduce pain, stabilize the spine and improve mobility. Here are some approaches that are good for slipped discs:
Physical therapy and exercises: Physical therapy programs aim to support the spine by strengthening the back muscles. Regular exercise contributes to the relief of patients, especially in low-grade slipped discs. Movements recommended by specialists can reduce pressure on the spine and increase mobility.
Corset Use: Lumbar corsets can help prevent the progression of slippage by stabilizing the spine. However, they should only be used on doctor's advice, as long-term use can cause muscle weakness.
Rest and Correct Posture: During periods of pain, short periods of rest can be beneficial. However, complete immobilization is not recommended. Correct sitting and standing positions should be adopted in daily life and ergonomic solutions that support the spine should be used.
Hot and cold applications: Hot compresses can be used to relieve muscle spasms and pain. In addition, cold applications can be effective if there is swelling or inflammation.
Weight Control and Healthy Nutrition: Excess weight can worsen slipped back by increasing the load on the lumbar region. Controlling weight and consuming foods that support bone health have a positive effect on spinal health.
Stress Management and Psychological Support: Chronic pain can lead to stress and anxiety. Therefore, psychological support and stress management techniques can improve patients' quality of life.
Medical Support: Depending on the degree of slipped back, your doctor may recommend various treatment methods to control the pain. In the case of medication, such treatments must be prescribed by a doctor.
The choice of remedies for slipped discs should be based on the individual needs of the patient. It is important to consult a specialist doctor before starting any treatment.
Treatment of slipped back
Treatment for slipped discs varies depending on the severity of the condition, symptoms and individual health status. Treatment methods focus on relieving pain, stabilizing the slipped spine and improving the patient's quality of life. The treatment process usually includes the following options:
Physical Therapy and Exercises: One of the most effective treatment methods for slipped discs is physical therapy and specific exercises. Exercises stabilize the spine by strengthening the lumbar muscles, reducing pain and increasing mobility.
Medication: Doctors may recommend painkillers and muscle relaxants for pain management. However, medication is only suitable for short-term pain and does not offer long-term solutions.
Corset Use: The use of a corset for individuals with slipped back helps to keep the spine in a better position by supporting it. The corset can relieve pain in the lower back by restricting movements.
Surgical Intervention: If the slipped disc is advanced and conservative treatment methods are not working, surgery may be necessary. Surgery is usually performed to put the spine in the correct position or to straighten the slippage.
Who has a slipped disc?
Slipped discs are often associated with the following conditions and can occur in different age groups for different reasons:
Older Individuals: With the aging process, the spine structure weakens and the joints become looser. This is one of the most common causes of slipped back.
People with Obesity Problems: Excess weight can put extra strain on the lumbar muscles and cause slippage in the spine. Excess body weight increases the pressure on the lower back and can increase the severity of slippage.
Genetic Predisposition: It is known that people with a family history of slipped back are more prone to this condition.
Heavy Physical Workers: Heavy lifting or prolonged static postures are risk factors that can lead to slipped discs.
Lack of Physical Activity: Lack of regular exercise can lead to weakened back muscles and lack of support for the spine.
Physical Trauma: Accidents and sports injuries are another factor that can cause a slipped spine. Such trauma can lead to fractures or displacements in the spine.
What should be done after slipped disc surgery?
The recovery process of patients after spondylolisthesis surgery is very important. The following are the things to be considered in the postoperative process:
Rest and Recovery Period: It is necessary to rest in the first days. There may be pain after surgery, but resting and moving as recommended by the doctor accelerates the healing process.
Physical Therapy: Starting physical therapy after surgery helps to strengthen the muscles and prevents the recurrence of slipped back.
Pain Management: Medications recommended by the doctor should be used to control pain. Postoperative pain is usually temporary and can be relieved with the right treatment.
Early mobilization: Early mobilization after surgery helps the muscles and joints return to normal. However, heavy lifting and strenuous movements should be avoided.
What are the Non-Surgical Methods for Slipped Back?
Unless surgical intervention is necessary, there are many non-surgical treatment methods for slipped discs. Some non-surgical treatment methods:
Physical Therapy: It is one of the most commonly used non-surgical methods for treating slipped discs. Exercises support the spine by strengthening the muscles and relieve pain.
Pain Management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. However, these medications only provide temporary solutions.
Bracing and Supportive Equipment: A brace helps keep the spine stable and reduces pain. However, it is not recommended to use it continuously, it is more effective to use it only during periods of pain.
Hot/Cold Applications: Heat or cold compresses can temporarily relieve the pain caused by a slipped back. Hot compresses relax the muscles, while cold compresses reduce inflammation.
What are the physical therapy methods for slipped discs?
Physical therapy plays an important role in the treatment of slipped discs. Some methods applied in the physical therapy process:
Manual Therapy: Physical therapists can use manual therapy techniques to relieve pain in the lower back and relax the muscles.
Exercise Programs: Special exercises are performed to strengthen the back muscles and stabilize the spine. These exercises allow patients to move more comfortably in daily life.
Ultrasound Therapy: Ultrasound waves are an effective method for pain management and muscle relaxation. This therapy helps the muscles to heal.
Stretching and Stretching Exercises: Stretching movements reduce muscle tension in the lower back, allowing for a more comfortable range of motion.