Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Developed by Gratz and Roemer (2004), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale includes the following categories: lack of awareness of emotional reactions (awareness), lack of understanding of emotional reactions (clarity), lack of acceptance of emotional reactions (non-acceptance), perceived effectiveThe subscales include limited access to regulation strategies (strategies), difficulty in controlling impulses when experiencing negative emotions (impulses), and difficulty in engaging in goal-oriented behaviors when experiencing negative emotions (goals).
Each item of the scale, which consists of thirty-six items, is evaluated using a 5-point Likert-type scale (1=almost never...5=almost always). A high score on the scale indicates an increase in the experienced difficulty in emotion regulation. Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability studies of the scale were conducted by Rugancı (2010).
The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), developed by Gratz and Roemer (2004) to assess the difficulties experienced by individuals in emotion regulation, is a scale called "awareness", "openness", "non-acceptance", "strategies", "impulse" and "goals". In the adaptation study conducted by Rugancı and Gençöz (2010), the scale became 35 items. A high score on the DDAS means an increase in the difficulty experienced in emotion regulation. In the results obtained from the Turkish adaptation, the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be .94. The internal consistency coefficients of the sub-dimensions ranged between .90 and .75. The test-retest reliability of the DDAS is .83 and the Guttman halving reliability coefficient is .95 (Rugancı & Gençöz, 2010). The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient calculated for this study was .90.
* Ruganci RN, Gençöz T.; Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; J Clin Psychol. 2010 Apr ;66(4):442-55. doi: 10.1002/jclp.2066
* Ruganci, R. N. (2010). The relationship among attachment style, affect regulation, psychological distress and mental construction of the relational world. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
Subscales and items:
1. AWARENESS: (items: 2*- 6* - 8*- 17* - 34*) lack of awareness of emotional reactions
2. Clarity (CLARITY): (items 1*- 4 - 5 - 7*- 9) lack of understanding of emotional reactions
3. NONACCEPTANCE: (items: 11 - 12 - 21 - 23 - 23 - 25 - 29) non-acceptance of emotional reactions
4. Impulse Control (IMPULSE): (items: 3 - 14 - 19 - 24* - 32) having difficulty controlling impulses when experiencing negative emotions
5. Goal-oriented behavior (GOALS): (items: 13 - 18 - 20* - 26 - 33) experiencing difficulty in engaging in goal-oriented behaviors while experiencing negative emotions
6. Strategies (STRATEGIES): (items: 15 - 16 - 22* - 28 - 30 - 31 - 35 - 36 ) limited access to emotion regulation strategies perceived as effective