Young Schema Scale Definition: Developed by Jeffrey E. Young in 1991, the Young Schema Scale (YŞÖ-KF3) is a 90-item self-assessment scale that helps assess early maladaptive schemas. In 2003, it was revised by Young et al.
It is assumed that schemas develop as a result of early experiences with attachment figures. Based on this theoretical framework, Young and colleagues (1991; 2003) developed assessment tools for the evaluation of early maladaptive schemas.
Young Schema Scale-Short Form-3 (YŞÖ-KF3)
* Evaluation of Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Review of the Psychometric Properties of the Young Schema Scale Short Form-3
Following the long form consisting of 205 items and 16 schemas (Young et al., 2003) and the short form consisting of 75 items and 15 schemas (Cecero et al, 2004), it is a 90-item self-report scale formed by adding the schemas of Approval Seeking, Punitiveness and Pessimism. In the instructions of this self-report scale, participants are asked to read the items consisting of the statements they use to describe themselves and rate the extent to which these statements describe them on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (Does not describe me at all) to 6 (Describes me perfectly). No cut-off score was set in the scale, but it was stated that high scores indicate the presence of numerous and severely maladaptive schemas.
Young (2003) developed the GCS-SF3 based on the Schema Therapy Model and proposed 18 dimensions covering the schema domains of Disconnection and Rejection, Impaired Autonomy and Self-Exposure, Impaired Boundaries, Other Orientation, Hypervigilance and Repression. These subscales are respectively Abandonment/Instability, Insecurity/Abuse, Suppression of Emotions, Imperfection/Shame, Social Isolation/Alienation, Dependency/Inadequacy, Imperviousness to Illnesses and Threats, Introversionme/Undeveloped Self, Failure, Entitlement/Bigotry, Inadequate Self-Control, Submissiveness, Self-Sacrifice, Approval Seeking, Pessimism, Emotional Deprivation, High Standards/Excessive Criticism and Punitiveness.
The reliability and validity study of GCS-CF3 was conducted by Soygüt, Karaosmanoğlu, and Çakır (2009) on a university sample in Turkey. In this study, according to the results of Principal Component Analysis with Equamaks Rotation, it was stated that a 14-factor structure was appropriate for the Turkish form of the scale. In the higher-order factor analysis conducted on these factors, the following factors were identified: Impaired Autonomy, Disconnection, High Standards, It was determined that there were five schema areas, the other being Orientation and Impaired Boundaries.The 14 factors in these five schema areas are as follows:"Emotional Deprivation (items according to factor loadings are 55, 19, 37, 73, 1), Failure (6, 60, 78, 24, 42, 33), Pessimism (35, 17, 8, 26, 80), Social Isolation/Guinsecurity (58, 4, 76, 3, 57, 75, 40), Suppression of emotions (30, 84, 12, 66, 48), Approval seeking (88, 52, 70, 56, 34, 16), Embeddedness/Dependency (63, 81, 9, 79, 7, 64, 10, 25, 82), Privilege/Inadequate rewardSupervision (68, 69, 15, 50, 32, 51, 22), Self-sacrifice (83, 47, 29, 65, 11), Abandonment (2, 20, 38, 28, 74), Punishment (54, 72, 18, 53, 49, 89), Imperfection (90, 41, 23, 43, 59, 77), Resilience in the Face of Diseases/Threats (62, 71, 44, 21, 39), High Standards (13, 31, 14). In addition, it was found that the correlations between the schema dimensions of the GCQ-CF3 and the Depression sub-factor of the SCL-90-R ranged between "r=.34-.64 (p<.01)". The correlations between the anxiety sub-factor of the scale and the schema dimensions of the SCL-90-R were found to vary between "r=.13-.52 (p<.01)", while the correlations with the Interpersonal Sensitivity sub-factor ranged between "r=.15-.58 (p<.01)". When the correlations between the schema domains of the GCQ-CF3 and the subscales of the SCL-90-R were examined, it was observed that the correlations with the Depression sub-factor r=.55-.68 (p<.01)" with the Depression sub-factor and "r=.18-.54 (p<.01)" with the Depression sub-factor, "r=.20-.60 (p<.01)" with the Anxiety sub-factor, and "r=.20-.60 (p<.01)" with the Interpersonal Sensitivity sub-factor.The internal consistency coefficient of the scale ranged between ".63-.80" for the subscales.The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients of the schema domains determined as a result of higher order factor analysis ranged between ".53-.81". In this study, the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be .96 in the patient group and .96 in the comparison group.
Reference : Soygüt, G., Karaosmanoğlu, A. and Çakır, Z. (2009). Evaluation of Early Period Maladaptive Schemas: A Review of the Psychometric Properties of Young Schema Scale Short Form-3. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 20 (1), 75-84.