Contact dermatitis is an itchy skin rash that occurs after direct or indirect contact with a substance. It can often be caused by perfumes, cosmetic chemicals or substances in certain plants. Symptoms may occur shortly after exposure or contact with the allergenic substance. Treatment is planned and carried out by dermatologists.
If the causative agent is identified and avoided, the symptoms may improve. This condition can also be called a type of eczema. It causes skin irritation and itching. Although it is not contagious, it can disturb the person in terms of appearance.
What are the Types of Contact Dermatitis?
There are two main types of contact dermatitis. These can be listed as follows:
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
It is called the body's sensitivity to and reaction to a substance. This usually does not occur after the first contact with the substance. The body first recognizes the substance and reacts to repeated contact with the same substance. The body produces antibodies to cope with this. Some of the substances that cause allergic contact dermatitis are as follows:
- Nickel-containing substances such as coins, jewelry, piercings
- Cosmetic ingredients
- Chemical odors
- Cleaning supplies
- Some plants
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common type. This non-allergic skin reaction occurs when an irritant damages the outer layer of the skin. Some of the common irritants include:
- Acidic and alkaline liquids
- Body fluids
- Some plants
- Hair dyes
- Antibacterial and antiseptic solutions
- Soaps and detergents
- Plastic or latex gloves
What are the Risk Factors for Contact Dermatitis?
Contact dermatitis may be more common in individuals working in some occupational groups or in individuals with various hobbies. Some of the conditions among the risk factors are as follows:
- Agricultural workers
- Construction workers
- Cooks and food sector workers
- Hairdressers, barbers and beauticians
- Florists
- Health workers
- Machinists
- Mechanical workers
- Divers or swimmers
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Contact Dermatitis
Common symptoms include skin redness and itching. The redness and itching can occur in the contact area, around it or anywhere else on the body. Symptoms may appear after a certain period of time after contact. Contact dermatitis symptoms can be listed as follows:
- Skin itching, redness, dryness and blistering
- Skin irritation and rash
- Crusting or oozing blisters
- Sensitivity to the sun
- Skin swelling, burning or tenderness
If symptoms and complaints occur, the person should consult a dermatologist. The specialist will first listen to the patient's complaints and perform a physical skin examination. An allergy test can be performed to determine the exact diagnosis. After the examinations, contact dermatitis can be diagnosed.
Contact Dermatitis Treatment
Treatment of contact dermatitis can usually begin by identifying and avoiding the cause of the allergy. Symptoms disappear in approximately 2 to 4 weeks after contact with the substance that caused the body to react has stopped. If these steps do not relieve the signs and symptoms, medical treatment can be initiated on the advice of a doctor.
Medications that may be prescribed include cell regenerating creams to strengthen the skin layer, steroid creams, ointments and antiallergic drugs. In severe cases, immunosuppressive drugs may also be prescribed.
Since the condition of the disease may vary from person to person, a specialist should be consulted in case of symptoms.
Natural Methods in Contact Dermatitis Treatment
In the treatment process, there are some care practices that can be done at home as well as medical methods. Some of the natural home remedies for mild symptoms and signs include
- Avoiding contact with the substance causing allergy
- Washing the skin abundantly with soap and water after contact with the allergen
- Applying a cold compress to the blistered area
- Ensuring skin layer regeneration by using expert-recommended moisturizers
- Showering with warm or cold water