Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation of the skin. The condition is usually characterized by symptoms such as redness, itching, blisters and dryness of the skin. Atopic dermatitis usually occurs in people with a weak skin barrier and genetic predisposition also plays a role. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, control inflammation and strengthen the skin barrier.
Causes of atopic dermatitis include genetic factors, immune system abnormalities, environmental triggers (e.g. allergens, cold weather, stress) and a weak skin barrier.
What are the Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis?
Symptoms of atopic dermatitis can vary depending on age, gender and the patient's genetic predisposition. Common symptoms may include the following:
Redness: One of the most obvious symptoms is reddening of the skin or a pinkish tint.
Itching: Severe itching is the most common and uncomfortable symptom of atopic dermatitis. Itching can lead to sleep problems and skin irritation.
Dryness: The skin may often appear dry, scaly or cracked. Dryness is especially common on the hands, face and around the knees.
Blisters and blisters: Blisters and fluid-filled sacs may form on the skin. When these vesicles burst, wet surfaces and crusts may appear.
Swelling: Swelling and edema of the skin may occur.
Brown spots and thickening: In long-term cases of atopic dermatitis, discoloration and thickening of the skin may occur.
Flare-ups: Symptoms may worsen periodically and these periods are called "flare-ups". Flare-ups can be triggered by environmental factors, allergens or stress.
Infections: Skin injuries and cracks can occur due to intense itching, which can lead to bacterial or fungal infections.
What Causes Atopic Dermatitis?
Although the causes of atopic dermatitis are not known for certain, genetic, environmental and immune system factors may play a role in the development of this condition. Possible causes of atopic dermatitis may be the following:
Genetic Predisposition: Family history may increase the risk of atopic dermatitis. The risk is higher in people whose parents or close relatives have allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma or allergic rhinitis.
Immune System Abnormalities: The immune system plays an important role in the development of atopic dermatitis. The immune system can overreact to skin irritations or allergens.
Environmental Factors: Environmental factors can trigger or worsen its symptoms. These factors can include allergens, air pollution, climatic conditions, detergents and skin care products.
Skin Barrier Problems: Weakness or damage to the skin barrier can increase the risk. This can lead to dehydration and irritation.
Stress and Psychological Factors: Stress and emotional factors can worsen or exacerbate symptoms.
Nutrition: It is thought that certain foods or drinks may trigger symptoms. However, research on this subject is ongoing.
How is Atopic Dermatitis Diagnosed?
Atopic dermatitis is diagnosed by assessing the patient's symptoms and examining the skin. Laboratory tests may sometimes be required, but the diagnosis is usually based on the results of symptoms and physical examination. Treatment is planned individually based on the diagnosis.
What are the Treatment Methods for Atopic Dermatitis?
Beforetreating atopic dermatitis , it is important to identify the factors that trigger or exacerbate skin lesions. It is of great importance to avoid these triggers during treatment. Factors such as a decrease in humidity levels and hot weather can increase skin lesions, so it is necessary to pay attention to these factors. In addition, any staphylococcal or herpes infection should be treated with medication deemed appropriate by the specialist. Antihistamines can be used to control and relieve itching. Stress and anxiety management also plays an important role in treatment.
Skin moisturization is of great importance for patients with atopic dermatitis. Moisturizing ointment should be used at least twice after bathing or hand washing to keep the skin sufficiently moisturized. Thick creams and ointments with a low water content provide better protection against skin dryness and are generally preferred. Skin care in atopic dermatitis should be done with low- or no-soap cleansers and warm water should be used. The use of emollient creams after bathing or showering is usually recommended.
The medications used in treatment may vary depending on the skin lesions. Corticosteroid creams or creams that regulate the immune system can be used.
In case of complaints such as itching, swelling, dryness or redness, a specialist should be consulted. Since such conditions can be difficult to diagnose, it is important to seek the opinion of dermatologists.