Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that usually starts in the lungs and can lead to inflammation in different parts of the body. These clumps can be found in different parts of the body, especially the lungs. The exact cause of the disease is not known, but it is thought to be caused by an abnormal response of the immune system.
Sarcoidosis has a good prognosis in most cases, and in many patients symptoms subside over time. However, in some cases, serious complications can develop. Therefore, when diagnosed with sarcoidosis, regular follow-up and compliance with the doctor's recommendations are important.
What are the Symptoms of Sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease in which small clumps of tissue called granulomas form in different parts of the body. Symptoms of sarcoidosis may vary depending on the organs affected and individual case differences. In general, however, common symptoms of sarcoidosis may include
Cough: One of the most common symptoms is a cough. The cough can sometimes be dry and irritating.
Shortness of breath: This condition can affect the lungs and cause shortness of breath. This can be especially noticeable during physical activity.
Chest Pain: Granulomas caused by the disease can lead to chest pain.
Fatigue: Cases often experience a feeling of extreme tiredness.
Skin Changes: The disease can sometimes cause reddish lesions or nodules to form on the skin.
Eye Problems: This can cause problems with the eyes, such as dryness, redness or blurred vision.
Pain in the Joints: Some patients may experience joint pain and swelling.
Lymph Gland Enlargement: It can cause enlarged lymph nodes, which can lead to swelling in the neck or groin.
Fever: In some cases, it can cause fever.
What Causes Sarcoidosis?
The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but there are some theories about factors that contribute to the development of this disease. Potential causes of sarcoidosis may be the following:
Immune System Response: Sarcoidosis can occur as a result of an abnormal response of the immune system. The body forms granulomas in response to an unknown stimulus. These granulomas can lead to inflammation and tissue damage.
Genetic Predisposition: Family history can increase the risk of the disease. It is thought that certain genetic factors may increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
Environmental Influences: Some environmental factors are thought to increase the risk of this condition. For example, certain microbes or chemicals can be triggers for the disease.
Genetic and Environmental Interaction: It is thought that the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors may play a role in the development of the disease. That is, it has been suggested that individuals with a certain genetic predisposition may react more to environmental factors.
What are the Stages of Sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis can progress through a series of stages or phases. The stages of sarcoidosis can vary depending on the prevalence of the disease at a given time and the organs it affects. The stages of sarcoidosis can be as follows:
Stage 0 (Sero-negative Sarcoidosis): In this stage, sarcoidosis has no symptoms and is usually diagnosed incidentally during radiologic imaging or tissue biopsy.
Stage I: In this stage, granulomas are usually found only in the lungs. Granulomas can be observed on radiologic examination of the lungs.
Stage II: In this stage, granulomas are found in the lungs and lymph nodes. Enlargement of the lymph nodes is common.
Stage III: In this stage, granulomas affect only the lymph nodes. Granulomas may be reduced in the lungs.
Stage IV: In this stage, granulomas affect the liver, spleen, bones, skin, eyes or other organs.
The stages of sarcoidosis may differ from patient to patient and may not progress to any one stage. The stages of sarcoidosis can help determine the course of the disease and the treatment approach. Once diagnosed with sarcoidosis, a healthcare professional will assess these stages and determine the appropriate treatment. Sarcoidosis treatment may vary depending on the patient's symptoms, the organs affected and the stage of the disease.
How is sarcoidosis diagnosed?
The following methods are usually used to diagnose sarcoidosis:
Physical Examination: The doctor evaluates the patient's health history and symptoms. Signs and symptoms of sarcoidosis can be observed during the examination.
Radiologic Imaging: X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scans can be done to see granulomas in the lungs and other affected organs. These imaging tests can help show sarcoidosis lesions.
Bronchoscopy: During a bronchoscopy procedure, an endoscope is used to examine the bronchi. This can be done to confirm the presence of granulomas in the lungs and to rule out other potential causes.
Tissue Biopsy: The most definitive way to diagnose sarcoidosis is to confirm the presence of granulomas by taking a tissue sample from the affected organs. The biopsy can usually be taken from affected areas such as lymph nodes, skin or lungs.
Blood Tests: Blood tests can be used to assess the body's inflammatory response. These tests can help assess the symptoms of sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, imaging results and tissue biopsy results. Staging of sarcoidosis can also help determine the extent of the disease and the organs it affects. Once diagnosed, the treatment plan is based on the patient's symptoms and the course of the disease. Treatment of sarcoidosis usually includes corticosteroid medications
What are the Treatment Methods for Sarcoidosis?
There is no definitive treatment for sarcoidosis. In some cases, the disease may get better on its own. Symptoms of sarcoidosis can be mild or severe, so treatment may not be necessary in all cases. Treatment of sarcoidosis is recommended in some cases to relieve symptoms and protect affected organs.
Sarcoidosis treatment can be divided into two main categories: patient approaches and drug therapy. Patient approaches may include:
- Smoking cessation,
- Balanced nutrition,
- Drinking enough fluids,
- Establish regular sleep patterns,
- Regular exercise.
Medication is used to manage the symptoms of sarcoidosis. Treatment may vary depending on which organs the disease affects and the duration of treatment may vary. Medication should be supervised by a specialist physician. If you suspect sarcoidosis or have questions about treatment, it is important to consult a specialist doctor.