Osteoarthritis, also called arthrosis in the medical literature, is a health problem caused by the wear and degeneration of cartilage tissue in the joints over time. Osteoarthritis is a common disease that causes pain, stiffness and limitation of movement in the joints. It is usually caused by aging, genetic factors, overuse or trauma. Treatment methods include exercise, weight control, physical therapy, medications and, when necessary, surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to deal with this disease.
Osteoarthritis is most common in large joints such as the knee, hip, hand, shoulder and lower back. This disease is characterized by weakening and thinning of the articular cartilage, rubbing of the bones against each other, and pain, swelling and joint damage as a result of this friction.
What are the symptoms of arthritis?
Symptoms of arthritis may vary from person to person and according to the type of joint affected. However, in general, common symptoms of osteoarthritis can be as follows:
Pain: Osteoarthritis usually causes pain in the joint. The pain may increase with movement and decrease with rest. The pain may be more pronounced, especially in the morning and at night.
Stiffness: Stiffness in the affected joint can be felt when you start moving or after a period of inactivity. This stiffness can make it difficult to use the joint.
Swelling: Swelling and mild swelling may occur in the affected joint. These swellings can be caused by inflammation or excess fluid accumulation in the joint area.
Limitation of Movement: It can cause restriction of movement in the affected joint. Therefore, the range of motion in the joint is reduced and daily activities may be difficult.
Noises: Sounds such as crackling or crunching can be heard in the joint. These sounds are associated with cartilage damage in the joint.
Deformities: In advanced cases of arthritis, deformities may appear in the affected joint. This is caused by deterioration of the joint structure.
Symptoms can vary from person to person and can vary depending on the patient's age, general health and the severity of the arthritis. If you are experiencing such symptoms, it is important to contact a health professional and get diagnosed. Treatment may vary depending on the type and severity of arthritis.
Why does arthritis occur?
Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that can occur for a number of reasons. The main causes of joint arthritis:
Age: Aging is one of the most common known causes. The natural wear and tear and loss of cartilage that occurs in the body over time increases the risk of arthritis with age.
Genetic Predisposition: Family history can affect the risk of arthritis in the joints. Genetic factors can increase a person's likelihood of developing arthritis.
Overuse: Osteoarthritis can develop as a result of constant overuse or repetitive trauma to the joint. Athletes or people with physical jobs may be particularly at risk.
Obesity: Being overweight puts extra stress on large joints, especially the knees and hips. This can increase the risk of arthritis.
Injury or Trauma: Serious injuries or trauma to the joint can increase the risk of arthritis. In particular, damage to intra-articular cartilage can increase the likelihood of developing arthritis.
Rheumatic Diseases: Some rheumatic diseases, especially inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of this condition.
Metabolic Factors: Diabetes or other metabolic problems that have an effect on bone metabolism can lead to osteoarthritis.
Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes in women, especially during menopause, can increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
What are the Diagnostic Methods for Osteoarthritis?
Methods used to diagnose arthritis include listening to the patient's medical history (anamnesis) and symptoms, physical examination, X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood tests and joint fluid analysis. X-rays are commonly used to observe the bone deformities and cartilage loss of arthritis.
MRI is used to examine the soft tissues and cartilage in the joint in more detail. These diagnostic methods help to determine the severity, progression and underlying causes of arthritis. Once a diagnosis is made, a treatment plan is created and management strategies are tailored to the patient's condition.
How is arthritis treated?
Treatment for osteoarthritis involves a variety of modalities and the treatment approach is customized according to the severity of the patient's symptoms, age and general health. Treatment options include medications (painkillers, supplements), physical therapy, weight control, appropriate diet and supplements, intra-articular injections, orthotics and support devices, surgical intervention (joint replacement or correction) and alternative treatment methods.
Treatment aims to reduce pain, increase mobility and improve quality of life. Every patient is different, so the treatment plan is tailored to individual needs. Therefore, those who are experiencing symptoms or are concerned should discuss appropriate treatment options with a health professional.