Gastroenteritis is a term that refers to a condition of infection or irritation of the digestive tract that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It can occur for a variety of reasons, usually viral or bacterial infections, parasites, food poisoning, allergies or immune system responses. The illness is usually mild to moderate and usually resolves on its own within a few days. It should be monitored carefully, especially in vulnerable groups such as infants, children and the elderly, as it carries a risk of dehydration.
It can be prevented by ensuring adequate fluid intake to avoid losing body fluids and electrolytes, taking hygienic measures and hand washing to prevent the spread of infections. Severe or prolonged cases may require professional medical attention.
What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis?
Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the illness, the cause and the individual. In the majority of cases, the disease is mild to moderate and goes away on its own within a few days. In case of severe symptoms, it is important to consult a specialist. Symptoms of gastroenteritis may include:
- Diarrhea,
- Vomiting
- Stomach pain
- Nausea
- Fire,
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Muscle aches
What Causes Gastroenteritis?
Gastroenteritis can be spread by person-to-person contact, consumption of contaminated water or food, poor hygiene and contact with infected people. It can occur as a result of a number of different factors that cause inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Common causes that can lead to the disease:
- Viruses,
- Bacteria
- Parasites
- Food poisoning
- Some medicines,
- Allergies and intolerances,
- Immune system weakness.
How is gastroenteritis diagnosed?
Gastroenteritis is diagnosed by a specialist through physical examination, evaluation of symptoms and sometimes laboratory tests. Commonly used diagnostic methods include the following:
Patient History: The doctor inquires about the condition by asking about the patient's symptoms, time of onset, food consumption habits and travel history.
Physical Examination: The doctor examines the patient's abdomen and assesses the symptoms. Physical findings such as abdominal pain, bloating or tenderness are examined.
Laboratory Tests: In some cases, a stool sample can be taken to determine the cause of the infection. These tests are done to detect the presence of viruses, bacteria or parasites. Also, stool samples may show the presence of dehydration or other complications.
Blood Tests: The doctor may perform blood tests. These tests can be used to assess the severity of the infection or to determine the degree of dehydration.
Imaging Tests: Rarely, imaging tests such as X-rays or endoscopy may be performed to exclude or diagnose serious gastrointestinal complications.
How is gastroenteritis treated?
Treatment of gastroenteritis can vary depending on the cause of the disease, the severity of symptoms and the patient's health status. The main goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms, prevent dehydration and control the infection. The main components of treatment are the following:
Fluid Intake: The body loses fluids during illness, so fluid intake is important. Drinking plenty of water or drinks containing electrolytes, such as oral rehydration solutions (ORS), can help compensate for fluid loss.
Nutrition: Food and drinks can be adjusted depending on the patient's symptoms. Light, easily digestible foods are preferred, especially in cases of vomiting and diarrhea.
Antibiotics: In most cases, the illness is caused by viruses or certain bacteria and antibiotics do not treat these types of infections. However, antibiotics may be used in cases of bacterial illness as directed by your doctor.
Symptom Control: Specialist-recommended medicines can be used to relieve symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea.
Hygiene: It is a contagious disease, so it is important for people with symptoms to pay attention to their hygiene. It is necessary to wash hands frequently and pay particular attention to hand hygiene after using the toilet and before preparing food.
