Butterfly disease (Lupus) , or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking its own cells. The common symptom of this disease, which is more common in women than in men, is a butterfly-shaped red rash on the face. The symptoms and signs of the disease are often similar to other problems, making it difficult to identify. There is no definitive method of treatment and treatments are usually aimed at controlling the symptoms of the disease.
Although the exact cause of the disease is unknown, a combination of genetic factors, environmental factors and hormonal changes are thought to play a role. Infections, the use of certain medications and exposure to sunlight can be among the triggers of this disease.
What causes butterfly disease (lupus)?
Among the causes of butterfly disease, genetic factors and environmental factors are thought to be linked. It has been observed that people with a hereditary predisposition to the disease may develop the disease as a result of exposure to a factor that can trigger this disease in their environment. In addition, although the exact cause of the development of the disease in many patients is not known, the factors thought to be effective in the development of lupus are as follows:
- Triggering factors such as sunlight, infection and the use of certain medications can be effective in the development of the disease.
- Different infections that may develop in the body may cause the disease to occur in some people.
- Blood pressure medications, antiepileptic drugs and antibiotics can trigger the disease. In cases triggered by medication, improvement can be seen when medication is discontinued.
- Different factors such as gender and age can also affect the likelihood of developing the disease.
- It is more common in women than men and is usually diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 45.
What are the symptoms of butterfly disease (lupus)?
Symptoms of butterfly disease can vary from person to person and depending on the condition of the disease. Symptoms and signs can occur suddenly, progress slowly, be mild or severe. They can also be temporary in some people, while in other cases they can be permanent.
In many cases, symptoms and signs may be more severe for a period of time, followed by a short period of improvement or disappear completely. This is called an "exacerbation". The symptoms and signs observed in patients may vary depending on the organ and system affected by the disease. Common symptoms in people with lupus include:
- Fever,
- Weakness and fatigue,
- Joint pain, stiffness and swelling,
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Dry eye
- A butterfly-like rash on the face (especially on the nose and cheeks).
- Severe skin lesions as a result of exposure to sunlight,
- Patients exposed to stress or cold may experience headaches, dizziness, behavioral changes and memory loss.
In addition to the symptoms mentioned above, it is important that people who experience unexplained complaints such as high fever, rash, prolonged pain or extreme fatigue should immediately contact the nearest health institution and consult a specialist.
How is Butterfly Disease (Lupus Disease) Diagnosed?
Butterfly disease is diagnosed by a specialist on the basis of symptoms and laboratory tests. However, the diagnostic process can be difficult. This difficulty arises because the symptoms and signs differ in each case and can change over time. Furthermore, the complaints, symptoms and signs observed in this disease may be similar to those of various other diseases.
In order to detect the disease, the doctor must first perform a physical examination. The doctor may ask various questions to find out in detail the symptoms, complaints, medical history and history of the disease. People should share all the conditions they observe with the doctor during the examination process. They should also tell the doctor about any diseases they have or medications they are taking.
There is not yet any test that can detect the disease on its own. Generally, the disease can be diagnosed with urine and blood tests, symptoms observed by the patient and physical examination findings.
In addition to urine and blood tests in the laboratory, a complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, kidney and liver function tests and antinuclear antibody testing may be required to diagnose the disease. If the doctor suspects that the disease is affecting the lungs and heart, he or she may use some imaging methods. A skin biopsy may also be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
How is butterfly disease (lupus) treated?
Treatment for Butterfly Disease can vary depending on the severity of the disease, the type of symptoms and the person's general health. Since there is no definitive cure for lupus, the methods applied are aimed at alleviating symptoms, controlling inflammation, slowing the progression of the disease and improving the patient's quality of life.
Medications deemed necessary by the doctor may be prescribed to control flare-ups, symptoms and signs. The patient is informed about how to use these medications and what the risks are.
In addition, sun protection is important because sensitivity to sunlight can worsen symptoms. Adopting a healthy lifestyle with diet and exercise can help manage the disease. Stress reduction and good sleep patterns can also reduce the severity of symptoms.
People with lupus should go for regular check-ups and update their treatment plan with their doctor. This helps to keep the disease under control.
What are the types of butterfly disease (lupus)?
Butterfly disease is a disease that can take different forms, but there are usually two main types:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): This is the most common and generalized form of lupus. It can affect many different parts of the body and the symptoms can vary widely. Common symptoms can include joint pain, skin rashes, fatigue, fever, kidney problems and many more. Symptoms can vary from person to person and the severity of the disease can vary.
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE): This form is usually limited to rashes on the skin. There may be redness and scaling on the face, scalp or other parts of the body. This type of lupus usually does not affect internal organs and is not as common as SLE.