Brugada syndrome is a serious heart disease with a genetic basis that occurs as one of the heart rhythm disorders. This syndrome occurs due to abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system and can increase the risk of sudden cardiac arrest, especially in young adults. Symptoms can include dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat and arrhythmia. However, symptoms can vary from person to person and may sometimes be asymptomatic. Treatment is usually determined depending on the symptoms, the patient's general health and risk factors.
Brugada syndrome is a disease that can be detected by genetic testing and controlled with early diagnosis. Therefore, it is important for individuals with risk factors to protect their health with regular cardiologic control and genetic testing.
What are the Symptoms of Brugada Syndrome?
Symptoms of Brugada syndrome usually occur due to heart rhythm disturbance and may vary from person to person. Symptoms of this syndrome are usually mild and sometimes may not give any symptoms at all. However, it is important to consult a specialist cardiologist immediately when symptoms appear. Here are the symptoms of Brugada syndrome:
Dizziness and fainting: Dizziness and fainting attacks may occur if the blood cannot be pumped sufficiently due to heart rhythm disorder. These symptoms usually occur suddenly.
Shortness of Breath: As a result of the irregular functioning of the heart, not enough oxygen can be transported to the body, which can cause shortness of breath. Shortness of breath may occur especially at night during sleep.
Sudden Heartbeat Changes: Individuals with Brugada syndrome may experience sudden increases or decreases in heart rate. This may be a symptom of a heart rhythm disorder.
Family History: Since Brugada syndrome is a genetic disease, the presence of similar conditions in the family history may also be a symptom. If there are sudden deaths or heart problems in the family, genetic tests may be recommended.
What Causes Brugada Syndrome?
Brugada syndrome is a condition that causes heart arrhythmia, usually based on genetic factors. However, there may be various causes that contribute to the occurrence of this syndrome. Here are the main factors that contribute to the occurrence of Brugada syndrome:
Genetic Factors: Brugada syndrome usually occurs due to certain genetic mutations. These mutations can disrupt the normal electrical conduction of heart cells, leading to arrhythmia.
Drug Use: Some medications can trigger Brugada syndrome. In particular, antiarrhythmic drugs that have an effect on heart rhythm have the potential to cause this syndrome. In addition, some antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs may also be risk factors.
Drug Use: Drugs, especially stimulants such as cocaine and ecstasy, can trigger Brugada syndrome. These substances can increase the risk by causing heart rhythm disturbances.
Electrolyte Imbalances: Electrolyte imbalances in the body, especially low potassium levels, can affect Brugada syndrome. Potassium is important for the normal conduction of heart cells.
Ischemia (Lack of Blood Supply): Conditions in which the heart does not receive enough oxygen are called ischemia. Ischemia can contribute to triggering Brugada syndrome.
Heart Failure: Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump normally. This condition can predispose to Brugada syndrome.
Who Has Brugada Syndrome?
Brugada syndrome is a heart rhythm disorder based on genetic mutations and is more common in men, young adults, especially in individuals of Asian descent and in people with a family history of this syndrome. Patients usually experience symptoms such as dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, arrhythmia and sudden fainting spells.
A family history of sudden death, a distinct ECG pattern and other heart problems may increase the risk of Brugada syndrome. Genetic tests are important in diagnosis. Factors such as drug use, medications, electrolyte imbalances and ischemia can also affect the occurrence of the syndrome.
Brugada Syndrome Treatment
Treatment for Brugada syndrome is customized according to the patient's symptoms and risk factors. Medication aims to control seizures by regulating heart rhythm. Catheter ablation may be considered in patients who are not suitable for or do not respond to medication. In this procedure, abnormal electrical activity is corrected using radiofrequency energy.
In high-risk patients, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) may be considered; ICDs protect vital functions by sending automatic alerts in the event of cardiac arrest. It is important for patients to control their risk factors and avoid smoking and drinking alcohol.
Regular medical check-ups and follow-ups are important to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and monitor the patient's condition. The treatment process should be tailored to the individual needs of the patient and guided by a specialized cardiologist.