Graves' disease, also known as toxic goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland. It occurs when the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to overwork, leading to hyperthyroidism. Symptoms can include increased metabolic rate, weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors and sweating. Treatment aims to regulate the levels of thyroid hormones and relieve the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
If left untreated, the disease can lead to serious health problems. For this reason, it is very important to consult a specialist immediately if symptoms appear.
What causes Graves' disease (toxic goiter)?
The cause of Graves' disease is not known exactly. However, it is thought that there are some risk factors that affect the development of the disease. These factors include;
- Genetic predisposition,
- Environmental factors,
- Family background,
- Gender (more common in women),
- Age (usually between 20-40 years),
- Viral infections may be involved.
In Graves' disease, the immune system produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, causing the thyroid cells to overwork. These antibodies cause the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormone than normal.
What are the symptoms of Graves' disease (toxic goiter)?
Symptoms of Graves' disease may differ from person to person. Symptoms of this disease may show effects in various organs and systems depending on the increase in metabolic rate. The symptoms of the disease can be listed as follows:
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia),
- Excessive sweating,
- Extreme fatigue and weakness,
- Thin skin and hair loss,
- Tremors
- Eye problems
- Anxiety
- Irritability and restlessness,
- Dry mouth
- Menstrual irregularity,
- Weight loss despite increased appetite.
How is Graves' disease (toxic goiter) treated?
The treatment of Graves' disease includes various methods to regulate thyroid hormones and control the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The treatment methods of the disease are as follows:
Drug Therapy: Drug therapy, which is frequently used in the treatment of the disease, helps to alleviate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism by reducing the thyroid gland's hormone production.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Radioactive iodine can be used to treat the disease. This treatment method targets and destroys overactive thyroid cells. While radioactive iodine reduces the function of the thyroid gland, it does not damage normal thyroid cells. This method is usually preferred when drug treatment is ineffective or in recurrent cases.
Thyroid Surgery: It is a rarely used surgical method. In cases where the thyroid gland is overgrown or problematic, surgical removal of part or all of it may be considered. This method may be preferred especially in cases such as pregnancy or non-compliance with medication.
Beta Blockers: Beta blockers can be used to relieve symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, tremors and irritability. These drugs regulate the heart rate and can temporarily control symptoms.
The treatment option may vary depending on the patient's symptoms, age, gender and health status. The appropriate treatment option is determined by specialist doctors. The aim of treatment is to restore thyroid hormones to normal levels and provide symptom relief.