Meniere's disease is a chronic health condition that is a balance problem related to the inner ear. It is caused by dysfunction of structures in the inner ear that help control hearing and balance. Meniere's disease usually occurs in one or both ears. Treatment aims to alleviate the symptoms.
Meniere's disease can be a health problem that can negatively affect quality of life and may require treatment. Therefore, it is important for people experiencing such symptoms to consult an otolaryngologist.
What Causes Meniere's Disease?
The exact cause of Meniere's disease is unknown, but it has been linked to several factors, including an imbalance of fluids in the inner ear, genetic factors, immune system problems and infections:
Fluid Imbalance in the Inner Ear: An abnormal accumulation or imbalance of fluid in the inner ear is thought to be a possible cause of the disease.
Genetic Predisposition: Family history may increase the risk of developing the disease, so the influence of genetic factors is considered.
Immune System Problems: Immune system problems have been linked to some cases of Meniere's, but this is still under investigation.
Hearing Loss: People with hearing loss may be at higher risk of the disease.
Inner Ear Infections: Infections or inflammation of the inner ear can lead to this disease in some cases.
Stress and Emotional Factors: Stress and emotional factors can trigger or worsen symptoms.
What are the Symptoms of Meniere's Disease?
Meniere's disease is characterized by distinct symptoms that point to problems occurring in the inner ear. These symptoms include:
Dizziness (Vertigo): One of the most prominent symptoms of Meniere's disease is sudden and intense episodes of dizziness. These attacks can cause you to feel your surroundings spinning. This can often seriously affect patients' daily lives.
Hearing Loss: People with Meniere's tend to experience hearing loss. It may be mild at first, but can progress over time. Hearing loss is usually more pronounced between attacks.
Tinnitus: Tinnitus is a symptom in which ringing, buzzing, humming or similar sounds are constantly heard in the ear. These sounds can be disturbing.
Sensation of Ear Pressure and Fullness: People with Meniere's may experience a feeling of pressure or fullness in their ears. This sensation can be caused by an imbalance of fluid in the ear.
Loss of Balance: During and after dizziness attacks, patients may experience loss of balance. This can cause problems with walking or other activities that require balance.
How is Meniere's Disease Diagnosed?
Meniere's disease is diagnosed through a detailed examination of the patient's symptoms and the application of various tests. This process includes the patient's medical history, physical examination, hearing tests, dizziness tests, imaging tests and laboratory tests. At the end of these steps, the specialist diagnoses the disease and creates a treatment plan.
What are the Treatment Methods for Meniere's Disease?
Meniere's Disease treatment requires a personalized approach and can vary depending on the severity and frequency of symptoms. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, hearing aids, balance therapy and, rarely, surgery. Dietary adjustments and medications can help relieve symptoms, while hearing aids can be used to compensate for hearing loss. The treatment plan is based on the patient's specific needs and symptoms.