Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of disorders that affect the development of the central nervous system.
What are Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
Some of these disorders are;
- Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder,
- Specific Learning Disorder,
- Communication Disorders,
- Autism Spectrum Disorder,
- Intellectual Disability,
- Motor Disorders,
- Tic Disorders are disorders classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.
What are the Symptoms of Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
The common features of these disorders are that they are characterized by various developmental delays and disruptions starting from childhood and that the effects of these problems at certain levels last a lifetime.
Neurodevelopmental disorders may manifest themselves with emotional, physical and mental symptoms at different levels in affected individuals and may have significant consequences for both the affected person and his/her family, environment and social environment.
The development of the central nervous system is shaped by both genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Deviations from the normal development process in the early stages of life can lead to problems with neuronal structuring and connections. In this context, the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders can be as diverse as social and emotional deprivation, genetic and metabolic diseases, immune system disorders, infectious diseases, nutrition-related factors, physical trauma, toxic and environmental factors.
How are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed and treated?
When diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders, the diagnostic criteria for the disorder are questioned in detail, information is gathered from caregivers, family members, relatives and teachers, and a neurological and physical examination is performed. Psychometric tests, laboratory evaluations and brain imaging studies can be performed in accordance with the targeted disorder.
In the correct diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders, it is extremely important that several departments make a collaborative assessment when necessary in order not to miss other accompanying medical conditions, and that other diagnostic tools are used fully in addition to clinical examination.
The treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders is also tailored to the form and severity of the disorder. It is basically evaluated in two large groups as pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Pharmacological treatments consist of medical interventions aimed at the symptoms and cause of the disorder.
Non-pharmacological treatments include behavioral therapies, psychosocial support, neuropsychological rehabilitation. The aim of treatment is to make an appropriate biopsychosocial arrangement in line with the needs of the individual.
For neurodevelopmental disorders, it is absolutely necessary to realize treatment with a multidisciplinary approach.