Positive and Negative Affective State Scale (PANAS) Test
| Questions | Very slightly or not at all | A little | Moderately | Quite a bit | Extremely | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Interested | |||||
| 2. | Distressed | |||||
| 3. | Excited | |||||
| 4. | Upset | |||||
| 5. | Strong | |||||
| 6. | Guilty | |||||
| 7. | Scared | |||||
| 8. | Hostile | |||||
| 9. | Enthusiastic | |||||
| 10. | Proud | |||||
| 11. | Irritable | |||||
| 12. | Alert | |||||
| 13. | Ashamed | |||||
| 14. | Inspired | |||||
| 15. | Nervous | |||||
| 16. | Determined | |||||
| 17. | Attentive | |||||
| 18. | Jittery | |||||
| 19. | Active | |||||
| 20. | Afraid |
The PANAS scale was originally developed by Watson and colleagues (1988). It is a scale based on the assumption that the emotion structure consists of two independent dimensions. Positive Emotion is defined as active pleasure and enjoyment of life. Negative Emotion is defined as the activation of unpleasant emotions such as stress, fear and anger. When these emotions are not active, it indicates a low level of that factor. Thus, both emotions can be evaluated separately as high and low.
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